Women’s Empowerment and Contraceptive Method Use in Egypt

Egypt’s fertility rate reached a 25-year high of 3.5 births per woman in 2014.It is assumed that women’s empowerment plays an important role in women’s choice of a specific contraceptive method. This research brief, by former PRC postdoctoral fellow Goleen Samari, found that use of long-acting methods fell in Egypt between 2005 and 2014, while use of short-acting methods increased. She also found that women’s empowerment increases the likelihood of contraceptive use in Egypt.Population Research Cente

ANALYSIS OF ALGEBRAIC THINKING SKILLS BASED ON THE ORIGIN OF SCHOOL AND THE SEX OF FIRST GRADE STUDENTS ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF TARBIYAH FACULTY IN THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON

Samari. Reg.Number.58450991. ANALYSIS OF ALGEBRAIC THINKING SKILLS BASED ON THE ORIGIN OF SCHOOL AND THE SEX OF FIRST GRADE STUDENTS ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012 MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF TARBIYAH FACULTY IN THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON. Thesis. Cirebon: Tarbiyah Faculty, Mathematics Tadris, The State Institute for Islamic Studies Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, July 2012. Branch of mathematics that provides a fundamental role for allied disciplines, interdisciplinary, and human life it is algebra. Some research indicates a difference in algebraic skills between male and female. These differences are caused by several factors, including social status and gender. Based on this, the researcher moved to conduct research related to algebraic skills and algebraic thinking ones are reviewed by origin of School and Sex. The research aims to determine: (1) mean achievement of algebraic skills’ thinking skills’ indicators, (2) differences of algebraic thinking skills reviewed based on the origin of school, (3) differences of algebraic thinking skills reviewed based on the sex, and (4) most dominant indicators of algebraic thinking skills. The origin of school is divided into three categories, those are Senior High School (SMA), Vocational School (SMK), and Islamic School (MA). While the sex is divided into two ones, these are male and female. The research uses quantitative approach by using survey and expos facto methods. Reviewed by explanation level, it is include comparative research. Meanwhile, reviewed by the time, it includes cross sectional ones. Results of research showed that: (1) greatest mean achievement of algebraic thinking skills related to solving story mathematical problems by achievement was 40.88 % and the lowest one related to representation skills by achievement was 2.55 %; (2) there was no difference of algebraic thinking skills based on the origin of the school by the achievement of significance obtained 0.735 (significance 0.735 > 0.05); (3) there was no difference of algebraic thinking skills based on the sex by the achievement of significance obtained 0.631 (significance 0.631 > 0.05), and (4) there were seven the most dominant indicators that can explain algebraic thinking skills by the achievement of cumulative eigenvalue obtained 89.345 %. According to the results, the conclusion were (1) students have good skill related to number operation and bad one in representation skill such as using diagram, graph, and table; (2) the origin of school didn’t influence algebraic thinking skills; (3) the sex didn’t influence algebraic thinking skills; (4) there were seven dominant indicators of algebraic thinking skills

Sustainable forest management in Iran: a factor analysis

Since 1996, several Forest Resources Management Plans (FRMPs) have been launched by the Iranian government in order to approach sustainable forest management in the Zagros area in west and south-west Iran. This survey study aimed to provide some policy recommendations in order to launch more successful FRMPs. Using a proportional cluster random sampling method, data were collected from 208 forest-dwellers (beneficiaries) and 90 practitioners. The results showed that the FRMPs are far from satisfactory. There are several reasons for this failure. First, the financial resources allocated to these plans are being used for other purposes. Second, the inputs and supplies needed for effective forest management interventions were not in place in a timely manner. Third, the forest management in the area is far from being decentralized. Both the beneficiaries and practitioners believe that forest-dwellers play a weak role in forest management interventions. Factor analysis revealed that three main factors influencing the Zagros management effectiveness are "the management capabilities of forest-dwellers", "the professional capabilities of practitioners in forest management", and "public support for forest-dwellers". The correlation analysis revealed that all the three factors are also positively and significantly associated with the success of the government's forestry programs. Accordingly, the main recommendation of this study was to reformulate forest management policies in the Zagros area by highlighting participatory approaches, not only as a tool, but also as a goal of FRMPs

PENERAPAN SISTEM PREDIKSI PERMINTAAN SECARA DIGITAL UNTUK MENGETAHUI PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN TANAMAN DI KOMUNITAS PETANI BUNGA DESA BLABAK KEC. KANDAT KAB. KEDIRI

A sale of interest that is not properly recorded will result in stock inventory or demand from buyers occurring in a vacuum. Flower farmers who are still on a small scale sometimes only use estimates subjective. So sometimes there is a buildup of certain types or shortages of other types of interest. With the application of technology, especially for the application of demand prediction systems, flower farmers can record well for sales, so they can predict demand with a system based on interest sales data. This demand prediction system does not only contain item predictions, but is a management information system that includes item data, sales entries, forecasting, changing photos and changing passwords. By implementing this system, it is expected that flower farmers can increase sales and help with plant businesses in the flower farming community of Blabak Village

Non-conventional apoptotic response to ionising radiation mediated by N-methyl D-aspartate receptors in immature neuronal cells

During cortical development, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are highly involved in neuronal maturation and synapse establishment. Their implication in the phenomenon of excitotoxicity has been extensively described in several neurodegenerative diseases due to the permissive entry of Ca2+ ions and massive accumulation in the intracellular compartment, which is highly toxic to cells. Ionising radiation is also a source of stress to the cells, particularly immature neurons. Their capacity to induce cell death has been described for various cell types either by directly damaging the DNA or indirectly through the generation of reactive oxygen species responsible for the activation of a battery of stress response effectors leading in certain cases, to cell death. In this study, in order to determine whether a link exists between NMDA receptors-mediated excitotoxicity and radiation-induced cell death, we evaluated radiation-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo in maturing neurons during the fetal period. Cell death induction was assessed by TUNEL, caspase-3 activity and DNA ladder assays, with or without the administration of dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist which blocks neuronal Ca2+ influx. To further investigate the possible involvement of Ca2+-dependent enzyme activation, known to occur at high Ca2+ concentrations, we examined the protective effect of a calpain inhibitor on cell death induced by radiation. Doses ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 Gy of X-rays elicited a clear apoptotic response that was prevented by the injection of dizocilpine (MK-801) or calpain inhibitor. These data demonstrate the involvement of NMDA receptors in radiation-induced neuronal death by the activation of downstream effectors, including calpain-related pathways. An increased apoptotic process elicited by radiation, occurring independently of the normal developmental scheme, may eliminate post-mitotic but immature neuronal cells and deeply impair the establishment of the neuronal network, which in the case of cortical development is critical for cognitive capacities

Kajian Etnometodologi: Pola Pemasaran Berpihak Masyarakat Pedesaan Kediri Pada Ritel Tradisional

This study aims to uncover and find out the meaning behind traditional retailer's marketing patterns, customer attitudes toward the application of these patterns and more in analyzing the interactions between traditional retailers and their customers and to learn the subjective norms that occur in these marketing patterns.This research is a qualitative research with ethnometodology approach. The study was conducted by direct observation and in-depth interviews with traditional retailers and their customers. Informants were selected with criteria 5 R occupying rural areas of Kediri, the chosen ones were Blabak village, Kandat district, Kediri district and Blabak village, Pesantren district, Kediri city. The observations themselves were made during the sale and purchase transactions at each traditional store, which then conducted open interviews to reveal the subjective norms that occur in the marketing pattern. The results of observations and in-depth interviews in this study indicate that the four dimensions of Hofstade's culture, namely Power Distance, Collectivism, Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance develop positively where retailers place and make themselves as partners, brothers who empathize with customers by using a basic attitude of mutual trust for fluency fulfillment of each other's needs. The noble values of the culture of the people of Kediri in buying and selling "nya nggowo, podho mlakune" based on high trust give birth to stronger customer loyalty, especially when traditional retailers also practice the service quality dimension of reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness.Keywords: cultural dimensions, traditional retailers, siding marketing pattern

The Impact of Teacher’s Competence and Academic Supervision on the Effectiveness of Sekolah Penggerak

This study aims to examine whether there is a significant effect of teacher’s competence and academic supervision either partially or simultaneously on school effectiveness in Sekolah Penggerak (Driving School) Senior High School level in Palembang City. To achieve this goal, a quantitative approach is used. Data were collected using questionnaires, documentation, and observation. The results of the study show that teacher’s competence and academic supervision have a significant effect on school effectiveness both partially and simultaneously. The novelty of this research lies in the location and study that focuses on Sekolah Penggerak. This research contributes to teachers and the community in proving the magnitude of the influence of teacher’s competence and academic supervision on school effectiveness and helps socialize the Sekolah Penggerak program which is considered as a new government policy

Combined exposure to simulated microgravity and acute or chronic radiation reduces neuronal network integrity and survival

During orbital or interplanetary space flights, astronauts are exposed to cosmic radiations and microgravity. However, most earth-based studies on the potential health risks of space conditions have investigated the effects of these two conditions separately. This study aimed at assessing the combined effect of radiation exposure and microgravity on neuronal morphology and survival in vitro. In particular, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity after acute (X-rays) or during chronic (Californium-252) exposure to ionizing radiation using mouse mature neuron cultures. Acute exposure to low (0.1 Gy) doses of Xrays caused a delay in neurite outgrowth and a reduction in soma size, while only the high dose impaired neuronal survival. Of interest, the strongest effect on neuronal morphology and survival was evident in cells exposed to microgravity and in particular in cells exposed to both microgravity and radiation. Removal of neurons from simulated microgravity for a period of 24 h was not sufficient to recover neurite length, whereas the soma size showed a clear re-adaptation to normal ground conditions. Genome-wide gene expression analysis confirmed a modulation of genes involved in neurite extension, cell survival and synaptic communication, suggesting that these changes might be responsible for the observed morphological effects. In general, the observed synergistic changes in neuronal network integrity and cell survival induced by simulated space conditions might help to better evaluate the astronaut's health risks and underline the importance of investigating the central nervous system and long-term cognition during and after a space flight

Morbidity and nutrition status of rural drug-naïve Kenyan women living with HIV

This paper describes morbidity in a group of HIV-positive drug-naïve rural women in western Kenya. A total of 226 drug-naïve HIV-positive women were evaluated for baseline morbidity, immune function, and anthropometry before a food-based nutrition intervention. Kenyan nurses visited women in their homes and conducted semi-structured interviews regarding symptoms and physical signs experienced at the time of the visit and during the previous week and physical inspection. Blood and urine samples were examined for determination of immune function (CD4, CD8, and total lymphocyte counts), anaemia, malaria, and pregnancy status. Intradermal skin testing with tuberculin (PPD), candida, and tetanus toxoid antigens was also performed to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. Anthropometry was measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Seventy-six per cent of the women reported being sick on the day of the interview or within the previous week. Illnesses considered serious were reported by 13.7% of women. The most frequent morbidity episodes reported were upper respiratory tract infections (13.3%), suspected malaria (5.85%), skeletal pain (4.87%), and stomach pain (4.42%). The most common morbidity signs on physical inspection were respiratory symptoms, most commonly rhinorrhea and coughing. Confirmed malaria and severe diarrhea were significantly associated with a higher BMI