Procjena nekih čimbenika okoliša i genetskih čimbenika (CSN3 i AGPAT6) na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze

This study was designed to determine the effect of some environmental factors on milk yield and composition in Saanen goats and the effect of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene polymorphisms on milk production traits. Saanen goats were genotyped for milk traits, and the samples were collected during the lactation, and the milk yield/compositions of each goat were specified. In terms of the CSN3 and AGPAT6 genes, the genotypes were defined by PCR-RFLP. The milk yield (MY), lactation length (LL), protein, fat, total solid (TS), solid not fat (SNF), casein, lactose rates and yields were as follows; 388.9 ± 17.5 kg, 243 ± 5.81 days, 3.29 ± 0.05%, 3.59 ± 0.07%, 11.60 ± 0.13%, 8.43 ± 0.06%, 2.57 ± 0.04%, 4.31 ± 0.03%, 11.21 ± 0.47 kg, 12.79 ± 0.64 kg, 40.95 ± 1.82 kg, 29.53 ± 1.31 kg, 8.82 ± 0.37 kg, 15.40 ± 0.74 kg respectively. The determined genotype and allele frequencies of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene were as follows; FF (%99.20), MF (%0.80), F (0.996), M (0.004); GG (%12), GC (%43.20), CC (%44.80), G (0.336), C (0.664). The impacts of lactation length on all milk yield parameters (protein, fat, TS, SNF, casein, lactose, MY) (PG), the herd was found to be monomorphic (FF) for the CSN3 gene. The effect of the AGPAT6 gene on milk traits in Saanen goats was determined not to be statistically significant. Environmental factors, such as maternal age and lactation length, were found to significantly affect some milk traits in Saanen goats. So consideration of factors such as maternal age or lactation length could be useful for improving breeding strategies for dairy goats.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se odredili učinci čimbenika okoliša te učinci genskih polimorfizama CSN3 i AGPAT6 na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze. Tijekom laktacije koza provedena je genotipizacija te prikupljani uzorci za utvrđivanje prinosa i sastava mlijeka. Genotipovi gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 određeni su PCR-RFLP-om. Prinos mlijeka (MY), duljina laktacije (LL), udio proteina, udio masnoće, udio suhe tvari (TS), udio nemasne suhe tvari (SNF), udio kazeina, udio laktoze bili su kako slijedi: 388,9 ± 17,5 kg, 243 ± 5,81 dana, 3,29 ± 0,05 %, 3,59 ± 0,07 %, 11,60 ± 0,13 %, 8,43 ± 0,06 %, 2,57 ± 0,04 %, 4,31 ± 0,03 %. Prinos u kg za protein, masnoću, suhu tvar, nemasnu suhu tvar, kazein i laktozu bili su kako slijedi: 11,21 ± 0,47 kg, 12,79 ± 0,64 kg, 40,95 ± 1,82 kg, 29,53 ± 1,31 kg, 8,82 ± 0,37 kg, 15,40 ± 0,74 kg. Utvrđeni genotipovi i učestalost alela gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 bili su: FF (99,20 %), MF (0,80 %), F (0,996), M (0,004), GG (12 %), GC (43,20 %), CC (44,80 %), G (0,336), C (0,664). Statistički znakoviti utjecaji utvrđeni su za: duljinu laktacije na pokazatelje prinosa mlijeka (proteine, masnoću, TS, SNF, kazein, laktozu, MY) (P G), dok je stado za gen CSN3 bilo monomorfno (FF). Učinak gena AGPAT6 na svojstva mlijeka nije bio statistički znakovit. čimbenici kao što su dob majke i duljina laktacije znakovito su utjecali na svojstva mlijeka sanske koze, stoga bi oni mogli biti korisni za unapređenje uzgojnih strategija mliječnih pasmina koza

Termohigrometria no transporte e na qualidade de ovos destinados ao consumo humano

A produção de ovos de galinha acompanhando a evolução de pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de projetos inovadores vem ganhando espaço expressivo a cada ano, nos mercados nacional e internacional. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a influência da temperatura do ar e da umidade relativa na qualidade dos ovos de galinha para consumo humano durante o seu transporte entre a granja e o entreposto final. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma granja de galinhas de postura em Esperança, PB, e foram realizados seis carregamentos. Utilizou-se um caminhão modelo F-4000, sem controle da climatização. Foram utilizados ovos de coloração vermelha de poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Lohmann (Brown) e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros de qualidade: massa do ovo, gravidade específica, unidade Haugh, espessura de casca, índice de gema e pH. Para a análise estatística foi realizado o teste de Dunnett a 0,05 de probabilidade comparando, assim, as amostras finais com as testemunhas da granja. Foi verificada que, nas condições dos carregamentos, apenas a unidade Haugh apresentou perda de qualidade nas viagens mais longas

Farelo integral de arroz parboilizado submetido a armazenamento prolongado para alimentação de codornas de corte

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) durante o armazenamento e os efeitos do seu uso na alimentação de codornas de corte. Foram utilizados 245 animais com sete dias de idade, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 2x2+1, e sete repetições de sete aves. Avaliaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: dieta controle, sem adição de FIAP; e níveis de inclusão, na dieta controle, de 10 e 20% de FIAP armazenado por 180 dias (FIAPA) ou de FIAP novo (FIAPN). Houve oxidação lipídica do FIAP durante o armazenamento, e o índice de acidez foi de 4,25 e 63,50 (% em ácido oleico) e o de peróxido foi de 15,64 e 38,28 meq kg-1 para FIAPN e FIAPA, respectivamente. A inclusão do FIAP resultou em menor digestibilidade da matéria seca e do nitrogênio e em maior valor de energia metabolizável da ração, em comparação à ração controle. A inclusão de 20% de FIAPA resultou em menor energia metabolizável da ração do que a adição do FIAPN. As inclusões não influenciaram desempenho, características da carcaça, pesos relativos do fígado e do pâncreas, e crescimento e qualidade óssea. O FIAPA, mesmo com rancidez, pode ser utilizado na alimentação de codornas de corte em níveis de até 20% de inclusão

Local political marketing in the context of the conservative party

Local political marketing can be defined as marketing related strategy, activities, and tactics implemented by a political party in a local geographic constituency, in order to attempt to maximise aggregate potential voter satisfaction, and therefore maximise total number of votes and electoral support in the constituency. Through 12 in-depth interviews with Local Constituency Party representatives from the Conservative Party, the study found that local political marketing was acknowledged by a majority of respondents although this was not unequivocal, and was frequently conflated with campaigning. Local political marketing was associated with: visual identity, language/messages, values, image, communication devices, awareness raising, data management and targeting, and simplification. The support from higher levels of the party in local political marketing was varied across constituencies. There was evidence of growing coordination /influence by higher levels of the party in local political marketing. However, this tended to be in seats judged as ‘winnable’

Is mandatory country-of-origin labelling a retrograde step in the long run?

There is a strong push from the farming community in Australia to persuade the government to legislate the compulsory display of country-of-origin labelling on retail products. This research examines the label elements considered by grocery shoppers who are inclined to examine the country of manufacture. Shoppers are most likely to consider the brand name when choosing a product, with the odds ratio of taking note of the country of manufacture being the largest for those consumers who scrutinize the name of the product and for those who ascribe the highest importance to the product's country of manufacture. Overt identification as Australian origin, for products without a recognizable brand name may therefore not be advantageous to Australian producers. Country-of-origin prone shoppers also seek stronger reassurance from other cues on the product label. Shoppers would have to contend with the inevitable higher prices arising from label recomposition and country-of-origin compliance. To what extent increased prices would dampen demand is a moot point

CLINICAL, ANDROLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL BILATERAL ABSENCE OF VAS DEFERENS (CBAVD)

Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a form of infertility with an autosomal recessive genetic background in otherwise healthy males. In this study, we examined the clinical and cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations in sixty patients with bilateral absence of vas deferens that applied to andrology clinic due to male factor infertility. Urogenital anomalies of vas deferens, seminal vesicle and epididymis were detected in our patient group. CFTR gene mutations, which are known to be frequent among cystic fibrosis patients, could not be detected in our patient group with that high frequency. Delta F508 mutations were detected in only 6% of patients. IVS8 polyT alleles were positive in 68% of patients. No 1677delTA mutations and M470V variants were detected in our patient group. However, sperm retrieval is almost always possible from CBAVD patients; secondary pathologies may also result defective spermatogenesis

The remarkable performance of international marketing in the second half of the twentieth century

Purpose - International marketing has performed extremely well during the second-half of the twentieth century. This paper examines the outstanding performance from different perspectives and evaluates the future of international marketing in the age of globalization. Design/methodology/approach - This paper presents a chronological review of international marketing in four distinct periods: 1945-1964, 1965-1984, 1985-2005, and 2005-forward. These periods are labeled as ages of coincidence, confluence, commingling, and creative conflict. The state of the world, the state of international marketing and the status of the marketing context are analyzed as they have emerged and changed. Findings - The paper posits that for international marketing to continue to perform in its spectacular manner, the field needs to cross fertilize with globalization, which enables international marketing to reach out to all corners of the globe successfully and smoothly. Originality/value - The paper carefully identifies the relationship between globalization and international marketing and posits that the future success of international marketing is vitally dependent on the far reaching success of globalization