Multiple Non- Familial Trichoepitheliomas in a NineYear Child

Trichoepitheliomas are rare benign tumours of poorly differentiated trichogenic origin. They present as translucent lesions most commonly on centrofacial regions. Solitary lesions are seen in sporadic cases while multiple lesions are inherited in autosomal dominant pattern. We present a 9 year old child with multiple trichoepitheliomas  at classical sites with  none of the other  family members involved

Use of chitinolytic Bacillus atrophaeus strain S2BC-2 antagonistic to Fusarium spp. for control of rhizome rot of ginger

An antagonistic bacillus S2BC-2 isolated from apple rhizosphere soil was identified to be highly chitinolytic on chitinase detection agar. Standard bacteriological tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA, and gyrA and rpoB genes, indicated a taxonomic affiliation of the strain to Bacillus atrophaeus. The strain was studied for its ability to grow and produce chitinase on different substrates. Bacterial cells grown on chitin-containing media showed enhanced growth and chitinase production with increased anti-fungal activity against vascular wilt pathogens. Extracellular proteins of cell-free extracts of media amended with chitin and fungal cell wall contained 4–10 novel polypeptides. In polyhouse (bamboo structures that provide protective shade made of polyvinyl sheet) studies, a chitinsupplemented talc-based formulation of the S2BC-2 challenge inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi recorded low percent disease indices of 84.9 % and 79.2 % for yellows and rhizome rot, respectively, over the nonbacterised pathogen control. The low disease incidences correlated with 113.3 % maximum rhizome production and 2-fold higher chitinase induction over the pathogen control. In native gel activity assays, upon challenge-inoculation, S2BC-2 expressed more chitinase isoforms than the pathogen control. The results suggest that chitinolytic B. atrophaeus can be used in the biocontrol of rhizome rot of ginger

Role of Diltiazem in Combination with Glimepiride in Diabetic Nephropathy in Experimental-induced NIDDM Model

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease in the general population. It is estimated that DN will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; therefore, the prevention is critical for delaying the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, medical advances are still not successful enough to prevent the progression of the disease. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of combination therapies and whether they offered additional renoprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin (STZ) (90 mg/kg) in neonatal rats, and then, these rats were treated with diltiazem (15.0 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg) or with pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg) in combination with glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg). DN markers were evaluated by biochemical and ELISA kits and renal structural changes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the combination of diltiazem with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of DN than pioglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate, and augmented tumor necrosis factor-a signaling during the development of STZ-induced type 2 DN