Vulnerabilidade do patrimônio ambiental tombado em Campinas-SP e sua relação com índice de vegetação.

Research conducted in forest fragments have contributed to the development of models for recovery of degraded areas, generating decrease deployment costs with increased efficiency, helping in forest management studies, and effectively preserving the remaining vegetation when considering the dynamics of regeneration compared to patterns of space occupation. The survey of the occupation history for the surrounding urban forest fragments located in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, structured in a Geographical Information System (GIS), allowed to establish a classification which indicates the degree of vulnerability of these forests remnants based on the degree of deterioration of the landscape caused by the incidence of certain activities. The survey was made using legal decisions, occupation history, fauna and flora surveys, environmental reports, information on plant and animal biodiversity as well as the physical characteristics of the fragment?s area, which exemplified the degree and pattern of human occupation. The extraction of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for each area allowed to establish a relation between the occupation pattern for the surrounding and the changes in vegetation cover within these forests fragments, which presented a good match with the degree of vulnerability attributed in previous step

Neutrino flux predictions for known Galactic microquasars

It has been proposed recently that Galactic microquasars may be prodigious emitters of TeV neutrinos that can be detected by upcoming km^2 neutrino telescopes. In this paper we consider a sample of identified microquasars and microquasar candiates, for which available data enables rough determination of the jet parameters. By employing the parameters inferred from radio observations of various jet ejection events, we determine the neutrino fluxes that should have been produced during these events by photopion production in the jet. Despite the large uncertainties in our analysis, we demonstrate that in several of the sources considered, the neutrino flux at Earth, produced in events similar to those observed, would exceed the detection threshold of a km^2 neutrino detector. The class of microquasars may contain also sources with bulk Lorentz factors larger than those characteristic of the sample considered here, directed along our line of sight. Such sources, which may be very difficult to resolve at radio wavelengths and hence may be difficult to identify as microqusar candidates, may emit neutrinos with fluxes significantly larger than typically obtained in the present analysis. These sources may eventually be identified through their neutrino and gamma-ray emission.Comment: 17 pages. Submitted to Ap

Joint Analysis of the Discount Factor and Payoff Parameters in Dynamic Discrete Choice Games

Most empirical and theoretical econometric studies of dynamic discrete choice models assume the discount factor to be known. We show the knowledge of the discount factor is not necessary to identify parts, or all, of the payoff function. We show the discount factor can be generically identifed jointly with the payoff parameters. It is known the payoff function cannot nonparametrically identified without any a priori restrictions. Our identification of the discount factor is robust to any normalization choice on the payoff parameters. In IO applications normalizations are usually made on switching costs, such as entry costs and scrap values. We also show that switching costs can be nonparametrically identified, in closed-form, independently of the discount factor and other parts of the payoff function. Our identification strategies are constructive. They lead to easy to compute estimands that are global solutions. We illustrate with a Monte Carlo study and the dataset from Ryan (2012

Manejo de pragas do mamoeiro.

No Brasil já foram registrados 50 artrópodos associados à cultura do mamão. As espécies comumente encontradas nessa cultura são o ácaro branco (Polyphagotarsonemus latus), o ácaro rajado (Tetranychus urticae), a cochonilha do tronco e do fruto (Aonidiella comperei), as moscas brancas (Trialeurodes variabilis e Bemisia tabaci biótipo B), a cigarrinha verde (Solanasca bordia), o mandarová (Erinnyis ello) e a broca do caule do mamoeiro (Pseudopiazurus papayanus). Dentre essas, os ácaros branco e rajado são considerados as pragas mais importantes para o mamoeiro na grande maioria das regiões produtoras brasileiras.Curso

Analisis Ketelitian Titik Kontrol Horizontal Pada Pengukuran Deformasi Jembatan Penggaron Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak Gamit 10.6

A bridge is a kind of construction which lies over rivers , roads , waterways, canyons and others in order to connect those two sides, so it can be functioned as a crossing facility. Like other civil constructions, bridges also have a deformation, so that every bridges need periodic maintenance to make it has its normal functions, give positive values due to the construction technical plan and can be effectively used in a long period of time of the bridge age.The methodology in this research used the GPS dual frequency data in eight points of observation which are located around the bridge. Data processing of GPS observation used GAMIT 10.6 software. This research conducted in three periods: July, August, and September 2015. The goal of this research was to determine the deformation or the movement of the horizontal control points on the Penggaron\u27s bridge.After data processing using GAMIT 10.6 and GLOBK, it was found that the changes of the coordinate in three dimension cartesian coordinate system with average changes on the n axis = 3,854 mm, the e axis = 5,745 mm and the u axis = 7,344 mm. Following the data processing result, it can be concluded that the coordinates of the eight observation points in this Penggaron\u27s bridge deformation research has changed numerically. In the other hand, based on the result of statistical test with 95% confidence interval. It was concluded that the position of the eighth observation points of the bridge has not changed significantly

Joint Analysis of the Discount Factor and Payoff Parameters in Dynamic Discrete Choice Games

Most empirical models of dynamic games assume the discount factor to be known and focus on the estimation of the payoff parameters. However, the discount factor can be identifed when the payoffs satisfy parametric or other nonparametric restrictions. We show when the payoffs take the popular linear-in-parameter specification, the joint identification of the discount factor and payoff parameters can be simplified to a one-dimensional model that is easy to analyze. We also show that switching costs (e.g. entry costs) that often feature in empirical work can be identifed in closed-form, independently of the discount factor and other specification of the payoff function. Our identification strategies are constructive. They lead to easy to compute estimands that are global solutions. Estimating the discount factor permits direct inference on borrowing rate. Our estimates of the switching costs can be used for specification testing. We illustrate with a Monte Carlo study and the dataset from Ryan (2012)

Análise comparativa de três métodos de correção atmosférica de imagens Landsat 5 - TM para obtenção de reflectância de superfície e NDVI.

The present study has compared three methods of atmospheric correction, two dark object subtraction (DOS) methods and one method based on the fourth component of the tasseled cap transformation (TC4), to obtain reflectance and NDVI values of Landsat 5 ? TM satellite images. For each atmospheric correction method, reflectance and NDVI values of five targets (crop/pasture, forest, straw, bare soil and water) were analyzed in three images (Landsat path-row 222-75). The study area is localized in the west of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The images were acquired on 29/10/2009, 02/02/2010 and 26/06/2010 with solar zenith angles of 28°, 34° and 55°, correspondingly. The TC4 was the only method which eliminated the haze in the image, but it is not recommended if the objective is to obtain reflectance values. The DOS methods did not removed the image haze but performed reasonably to obtain reflectance values. For the visible bands, both DOS methods analyzed performed well. The DOS method which considered the atmospheric transmittance (DOS2), although more indicated to correct the infrared bands, it is dependent of the image solar zenith angle. The image acquired under a zenith angle of 55°, after been corrected using the DOS2 method, presented reflectance values overestimated. Without the atmospheric correction the NDVI of vegetation targets tended to be underestimated