Modeling and Design of AlN Based SAW Device and Effect of Reflected Bulk Acoustic Wave Generated in the Device

Investigations of the effect of generation and reflection of bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) on the performance surface acoustic wave (SAW) device using finite element method (FEM) simulation is carried out. A SAW delay line structure using Aluminum Nitride (AlN) substrate is simulated. The dimension of the device is kept in the range of the 42 22.5 m in order to analyze the effect in MEMS devices. The propagation of the bulk wave in all the direction of the substrate is studied and analyzed. Since BAW reflect from the bottom of the SAW device and interfere with the receiving IDTs. The output of the SAW device is greatly affected by the interference of the BAW with SAWs in the device. Thus in SAW devices, BAW needed to be considered before designing the device. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3100

Microfluidic Mechanics and Applications: a Review

Microfluidics involves the transportation, splitting and mixing of minute fluids to perform several chemical and biological reactions including drug screening, heating, cooling or dissolution of reagents. Efforts have been made to develop different microfluidic devices, droplets and valves that can stop and resume flow of liquids inside a microchannel. This paper provides the review related to the theory and mechanics of microfluidic devices and fluid flow. Different materials and techniques for fabricating microfluidic devices are discussed. Subsequently, the microfluidic components that are responsible for successful micrfluidic device formation are presented. Finally, recent applications related to the microfluidics are highlighted. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3553

Estimates of genetic components and regression analysis for grain yield and various morphological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present study was conducted to estimate the gentic components and regression analysis for grain yield and various morphological traits in bread wheat involving 10 parents and their 45 F1s (half diallel) during 2012- 13 and 2013-14. Significant additive (D) and dominance (H1) variance for the traits indicated that expression of these traits is control by both additive and dominance gene action. Average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 were more than unity for the traits (peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index) indicating the preponderance of over dominance gene action. The estimates of h2 were positive and significant for days to ear emergence, peduncle length, productive tillers, biological yield and grain yield indicated dominance of genetic components in F1s. Positive and significant values of F were estimated for days to ear emergence, days to 50% flowering, spike length, flag leaf area and grain yield in F1s indicating the preponderance of dominance and positive genes in the parents involved. The theoretical value (0.25) of (H2/4H1) for all the traits indicated asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes. The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles indicated presence of dominant alleles in the parents. The traits showing more than 30% narrow sanse heritability could be rewarding for further improvement in grain yield in bread wheat. Regression analysis indicated that the traits (days to ear emergence, days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield) control by over dominance type of gene action. The parent RAJ 4246 contained maximum dominant genes for days to ear emergence and days to 50% flowering; HD 2733 for spike length and flag leaf area and HD 2824 for productive tillers, biological yield and grain yield used as donors in multiple traits breeding programme to develop high yielding wheat genotypes

Identification of heterotic cross combinations for various agromorphological and some quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A study was conducted to identify the best heterotic cross for various agromorphological and some quality traits involving 10 parents and their 45 F1s excluding reciprocals during 2012-13 and 2013-14. The higher magnitude of heterosis for all the agromorphological and quality traits was not expressed in a single cross combination. It varied from cross to cross due to diverse genetic background of their parents. The highest heterobeltiosis (35.68%, 11.11%, 11.44%), average heterosis (38.97%, 9.13%, 10.26%) and standard heterosis (31.09%, 7.84%, 10.41%) for grain yield, spikelets per spike and grains per spike respectively, was showed by HD 3095 x RAJ 4246 and this cross also showed highly significant (at <1% level of significant) heterosis for biological yield, flag leaf area, spike length and productive tillers. Whereas PBW 435 x RAJ 4246 were common for gluten content (8.52% and 7.72%), grain yield (33.11% and 33.64%), productive tillers (16.15% and 13.53%) and biological yield (36.27% and 21.98%) which showed superior average heterosis and heterobeltiosis respectively, therefore, these crosses may be exploit-ed in a national hybrid wheat breeding programme may offer genetic improvement in breeding for higher grain yield, agromorphological and quality traits in bread wheat. The presence of high heterosis for yield contributing compo-nents is not only for developing hybrids through exploitation of heterosis but also helps to produce transgressive segregants for developing of superior homozygous lines

Lattice Linearity in Assembling Myopic Robots on an Infinite Triangular Grid

In this paper, we study the problem of gathering distance-1 myopic robots on an infinite triangular grid. We show that the algorithm developed by Goswami et al. (SSS, 2022) is lattice linear. This implies that a distributed scheduler, assumed therein, is not required for this algorithm: it runs correctly in asynchrony. It also implies that the algorithm works correctly even if the robots are equipped with a unidirectional \textit{camera} to see the neighbouring robots (rather than an omnidirectional one, which would be required under a distributed scheduler). Due to lattice linearity, we can predetermine the point of gathering. We also show that this algorithm converges in $2n$ rounds, which is lower than that ($2.5(n+1)$ rounds) shown in Goswami et al.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2302.0720

Lattice Linear Problems vs Algorithms

Modelling problems using predicates that induce a partial order among global states was introduced as a way to permit asynchronous execution in multiprocessor systems. A key property of such problems is that the predicate induces one lattice in the state space which guarantees that the execution is correct even if nodes execute with old information about their neighbours. Thus, a compiler that is aware of this property can ignore data dependencies and allow the application to continue its execution with the available data rather than waiting for the most recent one. Unfortunately, many interesting problems do not exhibit lattice linearity. This issue was alleviated with the introduction of eventually lattice linear algorithms. Such algorithms induce a partial order in a subset of the state space even though the problem cannot be defined by a predicate under which the states form a partial order. This paper focuses on analyzing and differentiating between lattice linear problems and algorithms. It also introduces a new class of algorithms called (fully) lattice linear algorithms. A characteristic of these algorithms is that the entire reachable state space is partitioned into one or more lattices and the initial state locks into one of these lattices. Thus, under a few additional constraints, the initial state can uniquely determine the final state. For demonstration, we present lattice linear self-stabilizing algorithms for minimal dominating set and graph colouring problems, and a parallel processing 2-approximation algorithm for vertex cover. The algorithm for minimal dominating set converges in n moves, and that for graph colouring converges in n+2m moves. The algorithm for vertex cover is the first lattice linear approximation algorithm for an NP-Hard problem; it converges in n moves. Some part is cut due to 1920 character limit. Please see the pdf for full abstract.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.1470

Examining the Effect of Social Media Communication on COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Communication and Risk Perception

The emergence of COVID-19, originating from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, presented a global health crisis that had profound repercussions on societies worldwide. In response, the scientific community mobilized to swiftly develop effective vaccines in an unprecedented manner. Governments around the world launched extensive vaccination campaigns with the goal of attaining widespread immunity and ultimately bringing an end to the pandemic. The success of these endeavors to combat COVID-19 was partially contingent upon individuals’ willingness to receive vaccinations. Thus, understanding the factors influencing people's vaccine intentions becomes crucial for future similar pandemic scenarios. The Indian government implemented numerous strategic social media campaigns to enhance acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among its populace. These campaigns, executed with careful planning, harnessed various online platforms to communicate accurate information, address concerns, and underscore the vaccine’s significance in containing the virus’s spread. This study delves into the impact of social media communication on COVID-19 vaccine intentions, considering the mediating roles of interpersonal communication and risk perception. Data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 391 participants were subjected to structural equation modeling for analysis. The results indicated that social media communication directly and indirectly influenced vaccine attitudes, mediated by risk perception and interpersonal communication. Consequently, attitudes toward the vaccine significantly affected intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccination

The Role of Behavioral Finance in Understanding Market Anomalies

Behavioral finance has emerged as a critical field in understanding market anomalies that traditional financial theories struggle to explain. This paper delves into the role of behavioral finance in identifying and interpreting irregularities in financial markets, such as bubbles, crashes, and deviations from expected market efficiency. Drawing upon key concepts, including cognitive biases, emotional influences, and heuristics, the study explores how these psychological factors impact investor behavior and decision-making.The paper emphasizes the limitations of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), which assumes rational behavior and market efficiency, by highlighting real-world evidence of irrational market phenomena. It discusses pivotal behavioral finance theories, such as prospect theory, mental accounting, and herd behavior, which provide a framework for understanding why investors often deviate from rationality. The review further investigates the implications of these theories in addressing anomalies such as momentum, overreaction, and underreaction in asset pricing. Additionally, the role of behavioral finance in shaping regulatory policies and investment strategies is examined, showcasing its potential in mitigating risks and improving market stability. Emerging trends in behavioral finance, including the integration of artificial intelligence and big data analytics to better predict investor sentiment, are also explored.The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating behavioral finance insights into financial education, policy-making, and investment practices to foster more resilient and efficient markets. By offering a comprehensive understanding of the psychological drivers behind market anomalies, this paper contributes to the growing body of literature that bridges the gap between traditional finance and behavioral science.This paper aims to provide valuable perspectives for academics, practitioners, and policymakers, encouraging a deeper appreciation of behavioral finance as a transformative lens for analyzing financial markets

Root initiation in cuttings and in vitro raised shoots of Pinus roxburghii

Rooting of in vitro produced buds and shoots is often the limiting step during micropropagation. Therefore, a better understanding of the various stages before and during root formation is needed. Reviewing the work done so far on Pines the present investigation was carried out to study the factors that affect in vitro rooting. Different parameters that influence rooting viz. donor age, phytohormones, and substrate were investigated. Shoots taken from field, it was found that the juvenility of the explant and position on the mother plant greatly affects the in vitro responses. In vitro raised shoots and hypocotyl cuttings of Pinus roxburghii showed best response over the other explants on ½ x DCR medium. Among the various auxins used in present investigation, NAA at lower concentrations found best for root initiation. Agar at 0.6% concentrations resulted in more healthy roots. Further elongation was achieved on ½ x DCR medium supplemented with lower concentrations of NAA. Present investigation was an attempt to establish an operative micropropagation protocol by improving the rooting of ‘hard to root’ Pinus roxburghii. In vitro rooting studies on Pinus roxburghii will be vital for enhanced multiplication and genetic improvement of this economically important forest tree species

Multiplication and Modulo are Lattice Linear

In this paper, we analyze lattice linearity of multiplication and modulo operations. We demonstrate that these operations are lattice linear and the parallel processing algorithms that we study for both these operations are able to exploit the lattice linearity of their respective problems. This implies that these algorithms can be implemented in asynchronous environments, where the nodes are allowed to read old information from each other and are still guaranteed to converge within the same time complexity. These algorithms also exhibit properties similar to snap-stabilization, i.e., starting from an arbitrary state, the system follows the trace strictly according to its specification