Extended 16x16 Play-Fair Algorithm for Secure Key Exchange Using RSA Algorithm

With the world entering in the 21st century rigorous efforts are being made to secure data and flow of information among the users. Though with the advancements are fast and efficient the third party intervention and security threats has also increased many folds. The algorithms being used to encrypt and decrypt data needs to be strong enough to secure the data but also simple enough for a user to handle the process. With this article a novel, practical approach is presented which not only makes the information more secured but also being based on RSA algorithm is easy enough for users to understand and implement into the systems

Microarray Evidences the Role of Pathologic Adipose Tissue in Insulin Resistance and Their Clinical Implications

Clustering of insulin resistance and dysmetabolism with obesity is attributed to pathologic adipose tissue. The morphologic hallmarks of this pathology are adipocye hypertrophy and heightened inflammation. However, it's underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. Study of gene function in metabolically active tissues like adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver is a promising strategy. Microarray is a powerful technique of assessment of gene function by measuring transcription of large number of genes in an array. This technique has several potential applications in understanding pathologic adipose tissue. They are: (1) transcriptomic differences between various depots of adipose tissue, adipose tissue from obese versus lean individuals, high insulin resistant versus low insulin resistance, brown versus white adipose tissue, (2) transcriptomic profiles of various stages of adipogenesis, (3) effect of diet, cytokines, adipokines, hormones, environmental toxins and drugs on transcriptomic profiles, (4) influence of adipokines on transcriptomic profiles in skeletal muscle, hepatocyte, adipose tissue etc., and (5) genetics of gene expression. The microarray evidences of molecular basis of obesity and insulin resistance are presented here. Despite the limitations, microarray has potential clinical applications in finding new molecular targets for treatment of insulin resistance and classification of adipose tissue based on future risk of insulin resistance syndrome.</jats:p

Expression of Dkk 1 in Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma & Its Correlation with Wnt / β-catenin Signaling Pathway

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting female reproductive organs. Most common histologic type endometrioid carcinoma constitutes 75 to 80% of all cases. Studies on Dkk1 expression profiles and its inhibitory role in Wnt signaling pathway in genesis and development of endometrial carcinoma are very few. This study aims to investigate Dkk1 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods: A total of 160 formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples including 50 cases each of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma along with 30 cases each of proliferative and secretory endometrium were included in this study. We investigated expression pattern of Dkk1, E-cadherin, β-catenin and c-myc in endometrial atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma as well as compared with that of proliferative and secretory endometrium. Immunohistochemistry and analysis were performed from July, 2018 to June, 2020. Results: We showed decreasing pattern of immunopositivity for Dkk1, E-cadherin and β-catenin from proliferative/secretory endometrium to endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Increasing c-myc immunopositivity was noted from proliferative/secretory endometrium to endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Moreover, decreasing Dkk1 immunopositivity was well correlated with both E-cadherin, β-catenin and c-myc immunopositivity. Conclusion: Decreasing Dkk1 positivity from benign endometrium to endometrioid carcinoma suggests a negative regulatory function of Dkk1 in endometrioid carcinoma. Dkk1 is downregulated in Wnt signaling pathway in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Thus, Dkk1 can show promise as a biomarker for screening endometrioid carcinoma. Future researches can study the reactivation of the Dkk1 gene that could be a valuable strategy for antagonizing Wnt signaling pathway. Keywords: Endometrioid carcinoma, Dkk1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin, E-cadheri

Role of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancers

Background: Lymphadenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancers has remained a controversial subject. Lack of robust evidence on survival benefits and surgical morbidity associated questions its role in the era of adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study assessed pelvic and para-aortic lymph node removal in epithelial ovarian cancer in Indian women and tried to find clinicopathological correlation of nodal involvement and postoperative implications of lymphadenectomy.Methods: Thirty patients with diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer posted for primary debulking surgery were recruited and underwent staging laparotomy along with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Nodal involvement was confirmed on histopathology and various parameters which could predict nodal metastasis were assessed. Patients were followed up for 12 months post-surgery.Results: Nodal yield was ten for pelvic and four for paraaortic nodes. Pelvic node involvement was seen in 26.6% (8/30) of the patients and para-aortic in 15% (3/20) of the patients. Serous histology, higher grade, stage 3 and above, positive peritoneal cytology, omental involvement showed a higher lymph node involvement though not statistically significant. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy was associated with increased operating time, blood loss and longer hospital stay.Conclusions: Lymphadenectomy increases morbidity and decision should be based on predictors of nodal involvement

Tissue biomarkers in prognostication of serous ovarian cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in females with poor prognosis because of advanced stage at presentation. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is being used for management of advanced SOC, but role of tissue biomarkers in prognostication following NACT is not well established. The study was conducted on advanced stage SOC patients (n = 100) that were treated either conventionally (n = 50) or with NACT (n = 50), followed by surgery. In order to evaluate the expression of tissue biomarkers (p53, MIB1, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2/neu, E-cadherin, and Bcl2), immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative scoring were done following morphological examination. Following NACT, significant differences in tumor histomorphology were observed as compared to the native neoplasms. MIB 1 was significantly lower in cases treated with NACT and survival outcome was significantly better in cases with low MIB 1. ER expression was associated with poor overall survival. No other marker displayed any significant difference in expression or correlation with survival between the two groups. Immunophenotype of SOC does not differ significantly in samples from cases treated with NACT, compared to upfront surgically treated cases. The proliferating capacity of the residual tumor cells is less, depicted by low mean MIB1 LI. MIB 1 and ER inversely correlate with survival

Incidental gonadoblastoma in swyer syndrome: a case report with brief review of literature

Swyer syndrome is a disorder of sexual differentiation with an incidence of 1 in 80,000 population. Dysgenetic gonads have a propensity for malignant transformation particularly in the presence of Y chromosome and hence need prophylactic removal. We report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with primary amenorrhea who was identified as a case of 46 XY dysgenesis after karyotype studies. Extirpation of gonads were done laparoscopically and on histopathological assessment gonadoblastoma was detected. This case report aims to reiterate the importance of gonadectomy in patients with swyer syndrome as tumors could arise even in the absence of frank adnexal masses

A Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Prediction of Thiazolidine-2, 4-dione Derivatives: Toward Novel Therapeutic Targets for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading endocrine disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and high insulin resistance. The commonly prescribed oral therapeutic for insulin resistance in T2DM is Thiazolidine-2, 4-diones (TZDs). TZDs are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that act on Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) receptors and are mainly expressed in the adipose tissues. In this work, we derive novel classes of TZDs and predict the nature of structural affinity using docking studies against the PPAR-γ.

What drives Generation Z to choose green apparel? Unraveling the impact of environmental knowledge, altruism and perceived innovativeness

This study proposes to determine the influence of ‘Environmental Knowledge’ (EK), ‘Altruism’ (Atr), ‘Consumer Confidence’ (CC) and constructs of ‘Theory of Planned Behaviour’ (TPB) like Attitude” (Atd), ‘Subjective Norm’ (Sub) and ‘Perceived behavioural control’ (Pbhc) on consumers’ intention to purchase ‘Green Apparel Products’ (GAPI). Moreover, the moderating effect of ‘Perceived Innovativeness’ (PInn) on the relationship between ‘Attitude’ (Atd), ‘Subjective Norm’ (Sub), ‘Perceived behavioural control’ (Pbhc), ‘EK’, ‘Atr’ and ‘CC’ was studied. To test the research model and hypothesis, a survey of 349 Generation Z consumers (18–26 years) was conducted. Cronbach’s alpha and a ‘Confirmatory Factor Analysis’ (CFA) were used to determine the scale’s reliability and validity. ‘Structural Equation Modelling’ (SEM) validated the given model and hypotheses. In this research, six hypotheses were tested, and it was found that three hypotheses showed a direct relationship. Specifically, the result of SEM showed that ‘Atd’, ‘Sub’ and ‘CC’ were positively related to GAPI. Also, six hypotheses were formulated testing the moderating role of ‘PInn’. The results established that ‘PInn’ moderated the relationship between ‘Atd’, ‘Sub’, ‘CC’ and ‘GAPI’ significantly. This research provides a novel framework to explore the relationship between the ‘EK’, ‘Atr’ and ‘CC’ and Generation Z consumer’s ‘GAPI’.International Journal of Sustainable Engineerin

Pulseless Right Upper Limb: An Unusual Manifestation of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Aspergillus is the most common cause of fungal pneumonia in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite a high index of suspicion and prompt institution of specific antifungal therapy, it causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. It has to be differentiated from mucormycosis because the treatment differs. Histological confirmation obtained by lung biopsy is ideal, but is difficult to obtain in those patients who often have thrombocytopenia. We report a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with typical manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis who developed pulseless right arm due to invasion of the right subclavian artery. When total leucocyte counts recovered, patient also developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and massive pulmonary hemorrhage, which was managed by bronchial artery embolization