Wind-tunnel Tests of a Hall High-life Wing

Wind-tunnel tests have been made to find the lift, drag, and center-of-pressure characteristics of a Hall high-lift wing model. The Hall wing is essentially a split-flap airfoil with an internal air passage. Air enters the passage through an opening in the lower surface somewhat back of and parallel to the leading edge, and flows out through an opening made by deflecting the rear portion of the under surface downward as a flap. For ordinary flight conditions the front opening and the rear flap can be closed, providing in effect a conventional airfoil (the Clark Y in this case). The tests were made with various flap settings and with the entrance to the passage both open and closed. The highest lift coefficient found, C(sub L) = 2.08, was obtained with the passage closed

Major Galaxy Mergers and the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Quasars

Despite observed strong correlations between central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and star-formation in galactic nuclei, uncertainties exist in our understanding of their coupling. We present observations of the ratio of heavily-obscured to unobscured quasars as a function of cosmic epoch up to z~3, and show that a simple physical model describing mergers of massive, gas-rich galaxies matches these observations. In the context of this model, every obscured and unobscured quasar represent two distinct phases that result from a massive galaxy merger event. Much of the mass growth of the SMBH occurs during the heavily-obscured phase. These observations provide additional evidence for a causal link between gas-rich galaxy mergers, accretion onto the nuclear SMBH and coeval star formation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Science. Published by Science Express on March 25th. 17 pages, 5 figures, including supplemental online materia

Verifiable and Non-Verifiable Anonymous Mechanisms for Regulating a Polluting Monopolist

Optimal regulation of a polluting natural monopolist must correct for both external damages and market power to achieve a social optimum. Existing non-Bayesian regulatory methods require knowledge of the demand function, while Bayesian schemes require knowledge of the underlying cost distribution. We introduce mechanisms adapted to use less information. Our Price-based Subsidy (PS) mechanisms give the firm a transfer that matches or approximates the incremental surplus generated each period. The regulator need not observe the abatement activity or know the demand, cost, or damage functions of the firm. All of the mechanisms induce the firm to price at marginal social cost, either immediately or asymptotically.surplus subsidy schemes, polluting monopolist, verifiable regulatory mechanisms

Searching for the missing iron in the core of the Centaurus cluster

We re-analyse a combined 198 ks Chandra observation of NGC4696, the brightest galaxy of the Centaurus cluster. We extract temperature and metallicity profiles from the data, and we confirm the presence of a sharp drop in iron abundance, from ~1.8 Zsolar to ~0.4 Zsolar, within the central 5 kpc of the cluster. We estimate that this abundance drop corresponds to a total "missing" iron mass of 1.4e06 Msolar. We propose that part of this missing iron is locked up in cool (~19 K) far-IR emitting dust, as found by Spitzer and Herschel observations. This can occur if the iron injected by stellar mass loss in the central region is in grains, which remain in that form as the injected dusty cold gas mixes and joins the cold dusty filamentary nebula observed within the same region. The bubbling feedback process observed in the cluster core then drags filaments outward and dumps them at 10-20 kpc radius, where the metallicity is high.Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication in MNRA

Confrontation of MOND with the rotation curves of early-type disc galaxies

We extend the MOND analysis to a sample of 17 high surface brightness, early-type disc galaxies with rotation curves derived from a combination of 21cm HI line observations and optical spectroscopic data. A number of these galaxies have asymptotic rotation velocities between 250 and 350 km/s making them among the most massive systems (in terms of baryonic mass) considered in the context of MOND. We find that the general MOND prediction for such galaxies -- a rotation curve which gradually declines to the asymptotic value -- is confirmed, and in most cases the MOND rotation curve, determined from the mean radial light and gas distribution, agrees in detail with the observed rotation curve. In the few cases where MOND appears not to work well, the discrepancies can generally be understood in terms of various observational errors -- such as incorrect orientation angles and/or distances -- or of unmodelled physical effects -- such as non-circular motions. The implied mass-to-light ratios for the stellar disc and bulge constrain the MOND interpolating function; the form recently suggested by Zhao & Famaey (2005) yields more sensible values than the one traditionally used in MOND determinations of galaxy rotation curves.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted MNRA

Alaska Coastal Community Youth and the Future

The Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Project No. R/72-02.Executive Summary / Introduction / Background to the Research / Methods / Findings / Discussion and Policy Recommendations / Products from the Research / References Cited / Appendix A. Focus Group Protocol (High School) / Appendix B. Focus Group Protocol (12-20 year olds) / Appendix C. Focus Group Questionnaire / Appendix D. Occupational Rating Worksheet / Appendix E. Consent/Assent For

TEXAS - OKLAHOMA PRODUCER COTTON MARKET SUMMARY: 2001/2002

The volume of the Texas-Oklahoma spot cotton market analyzed by the Daily Price Estimation System (DPES) for the 2001/02 marketing year increased from 222,283 bales the previous year to 364,267 bales this year. The average price received by producers during the 2001/02 marketing year was 26.8 cents/lb, which is considerably less than the previous year. The 2001 crop was generally of good quality. The average micronaire level was higher in 2001 at 4.41, and the average number of bales having level 1 bark was up in comparison to the 2000 crop. With the exception of strength, price discounts for the 2001 crop decreased for all quality attributes, coupled with a decrease in premiums. In regard to strength, producers did not appear to receive a premium for higher levels of strength while lower levels of strength were discounted more severely than the previous year.Crop Production/Industries,

Similarities and Differences in the Argumentative Characteristics of the Official Brexit Campaigns

This paper adds to the growing empirical literature surrounding the UK's vote to leave the European Union. Specifically, a series of quantitative and qualitative textual analysis tools are implemented on a corpus consisting of the websites of Vote Leave (VL) and Britain Stronger in Europe (BSE). By breaking down argumentative text into two components, this paper attempts to characterise how the two official campaigns differ in the information they choose to convey (or “focus"), and the style by which this information is conveyed. To analyse variation in focus, a structural topic model and thematic analysis of elementary context units are conducted with the inclusion of document-level metadata. This is then compared to survey data and their potential effectiveness is considered. To study the style of information transmission, an analysis of sentiment is used to calculate sentence-level polarity scores. An unambiguous thematic divide is uncovered with BSE employing a “focussed" approach by singling out topics related to the economy, whereas VL chose a “scattershot" approach by spreading their resources across a broader range of themes. The thematic analysis uncovers little reciprocity in most major areas — a notable exception being public services, which acted as a battleground. BSE's focussed approach allowed it to target the most influential topic for the electorate, but despite this, VL's approach led to a greater targeted proportion. A sentiment analysis yields two results: (A) the variability in sentence-level polarity scores was consistent across campaigns, and (2) BSE's website had a significantly greater mean score

Decision Support System for Evaluating Rural Water Supply Infrastructure Scenarios

This paper seeks to develop a methodology that will be useful for rural water districts in assessing the future of their water systems infrastructure. In particular, the use of free water simulation software and publicly available data on population, roads, and terrain present rural water systems with the opportunity to analyze their existing distribution system and forecast where problems are likely to occur. This methodology will allow various alternatives (such as consolidation with a neighboring system, or pipe upgrades) to be evaluated and the costs of implementing these alternatives to be explored. Finally, different avenues for funding the associated costs can be summarized and presented to the community, including the steps needed to apply for popular grant and loan programsRural Water, Infrastructure, Simulation, EPANET, Community/Rural/Urban Development, R53, R58,