Riboflavin Ameliorates Cisplatin Induced Toxicities under Photoillumination

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug that elicits many side effects mainly due to induction of oxidative and nitrosative stresses during prolonged chemotherapy. The severity of these side effects consequently restricts its clinical use under long term treatment. Riboflavin is an essential vitamin used in various metabolic redox reactions in the form of flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. Besides, it has excellent photosensitizing property that can be used to ameliorate these toxicities in mice under photodynamic therapy. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Riboflavin, cisplatin and their combinations were given to the separate groups of mice under photoilluminated condition under specific treatment regime. Their kidney and liver were excised for comet assay and histopathological studies. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of riboflavin-cisplatin combination in vitro was also conducted to investigate any possible interaction between the two compounds. Their comet assay and histopathological examination revealed that riboflavin in combination with cisplatin was able to protect the tissues from cisplatin induced toxicities and damages. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of the combination indicated a strong molecular interaction among their constituent groups that may be assigned for the protective effect of the combination in the treated animals. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of riboflavin diminishes cisplatin induced toxicities which may possibly make the cisplatin-riboflavin combination, an effective treatment strategy under chemoradiotherapy in pronouncing its antineoplastic activity and sensitivity towards the cancer cells as compared to cisplatin alone

Molecular docking, a tool to determine interaction of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles with human serum albumin

AbstractBackgroundWe study the human serum albumin (HSA) protein-CuO nanoparticle interaction to identify the specific binding site of protein with CuO nanoparticles by molecular docking and compared it with HSA-TiO2 nanoparticle interaction.MethodsThe protein structural data that was obtained using Autodock 4.2.ResultsIn case of CuO np-HSA interaction, the distances from the centre of Subdomain IIIA to Arg-472 is 2.113Å and Lys 475, Glu 492, Ala 490, Cys 487, Ala 490 are the bound neighbouring residues with Lys 475, Glu 492 at aliphatic region. The binding energy generated was −1.64kcalmol−1. However, for TiO2 nanoparticle, the binding region is surrounded by Arg 257, Ala 258, Ser 287, His 288, Leu 283, Ala 254, Tyr 150 (subdomain II A) as neighbouring residue. Moreover, Glu 285, Lys 286 forms aliphatic grove for TiO2-HSA, Ser-287 at the centre region form hydrogen bond with nanoparticle and Leu 283, Leu 284 forming hydrophopobic grove for TiO2 nanoparticle-HSA interaction. The binding energy generated was −2.47kcalmol−1.ConclusionsAnalysis suggests that CuO bind to suldow site II i.e subdomain III A of HSA protein where as TiO2 nanoparticle bind to suldow site I i.e subdomain IIA of HSA protein.General significanceThe structural information that derives from this study for CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles may be useful in terms of both high and low-affinity binding sites when designing these nanoparticles based drugs delivery system

Downregulation of catalase by CuO nanoparticles via hypermethylation of CpG island II on the catalase promoter

CuO NPs at 1000 μM for 24 h in the WRL-68 cell induced methylation of CpG island IIviaROS on the catalase promoter and downregulate catalase expression at the transcriptional level.</p

Isolation and Characterisation of Bio-Surfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil Contaminated Soil

Biosurfactants having the characteristics of amphipathic compounds. Biosurfactants are produced by several microorganisms which include Acinetobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Candida antarctica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Different screening methods, for example oil spreading assay, blood agar hemolysis, emulsification assay, foaming activity are used to select biosurfactant producing microbes. The main objective of this research work was to isolate and characterize the biosurfactant producing bacteria from oil contaminated soil. By using kerosene oil as the sole carbon source, bacterial strain was isolated and screened having the characteristics of biosurfactant properties. Number of techniques like oil spreading technique, blood hemolysis test, foaming activity, and emulsification activity were performed for the screening of the biosurfactant producing bacteria, and found positive oil spreading technique in bacterial strain B1 and B2. Strain B1 (52%) has high emulsifying activity, whereas in B2 it was around 42 %. Strain B1 showed complete breakdown of the hemoglobin of the red blood cells in the vicinity of bacterial colony i.e. β blood hemolysis test and in B2 it is lack of hemolysis i.e. γ hemolysis. It was observed that foaming stability in B2 strain is lesser than B2. Both the isolated bacterial strains B1 and B2 showed Gram positive, and they are in rod and circular shape respectively. From the result of various biochemical characterization and cell morphological characterization, the isolated strain was bacillus type bacteria.</jats:p