Current Paradigms in Antibiotic Prescribing for Dental Implant Procedures: Insights from a Questionnaire-Based Study

Introduction: The use of antibiotics in implant dentistry is still debatable, despite the fact that several preoperative and/or postoperative systemic antibiotic regimens have been proposed to reduce failure following dental implant implantation and postoperative infection.. Objectives:     To ascertain the current antibiotic prescribing practices of medical professionals in relation             to dental implant placement and to determine whether ashared understanding has been      developed between professionals who do implant surgery.       Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all the dentists practising implantology in    India. The research concerned whether routine pre- or postoperative antibiotic   prescriptions were given in connection with the implantation of dental implants.  The descriptive and chi-square analyses were used to compare the categorical data.      The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the quantitative data by category.     The significance level was taken as p < 0.05. Results: A total of 384 members responded to the questionnaire. most often prescribed antibiotics for dental implant placement was amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid. Antibiotic were mostly prescribed for advanced surgical procedures, immediate implant therapy, single-stage implant placement, and medically compromised patients both before and after surgery. chlorhexidine was their preferred mouthrinse. Conclusions: This study recommends developing recommendations for periodontology specific antibiotic prescription as well as improving the understanding of dental surgeons performing dental implantology about antibiotic prescribing

Evaluation of desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 autoantibodies in oral cancer: A pilot study

Background: Carcinogenesis is a complex multistep process involving alterations at the cellular level. Alteration in cell-to-cell adhesion of oral epithelium plays an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The alterations in the role of desmosomal components due to autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 (DSG 1) and desmoglein 3 (DSG 3) may cause the detachment of the cells due to altered adhesiveness leading to initiation and metastasis. The exact role of autoantibodies in DSG 1 and 3 and their role in oral carcinogenesis remains unclear. Objectives: A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate autoantibodies to DSG 1 and 3 oral cancer (OC), Oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMDs) patients, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 cases (15 OC, 5 OPMDs, and 5 healthy controls) were selected. Serum and tissue biopsies were taken and evaluated for autoantibodies to DSG 1 and 3 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was confirmed with direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Results: The DSG 1 and 3 values obtained were way below the positive value of 20 RU/ml for autoantibody levels for either DSG 1 or DSG 3 in serum. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of tissues also failed to demonstrate the presence of antibodies in all three groups. Conclusion: Though the results were not encouraging, they suggest a possible role of desmosomal components, DSG 1 and 3, in oral carcinogenesis and metastasis

Periodontal status in infertile women attending in vitro fertilization clinics

Background and Aim: Throughout a woman′s life, hormonal influences affect therapeutic decision making in periodontics. A woman undergoing infertility treatment is given drugs to stimulate the ovaries, which lead to sustained higher levels of female sex hormones. The differing levels of these hormones, either in infertile women or in women undergoing therapy for infertility or in women who have conceived and delivered naturally could suggest a differing periodontal status amongst these three groups. Hence, this cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess and compare the periodontal status in the above three groups. Materials and Methods: 180 women including 60 women undergoing treatment for infertility (Group I), 60 women in whom infertility treatment had not yet been initiated (Group II) and 60 women who had conceived and delivered naturally (Group III-control group), of age range 25-35 years, were included. Clinical parameters including oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), gingival index, sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed by a single examiner. Results: Despite similar OHI-S scores (P > 0.05) in all groups, women of Group I had significantly higher gingival inflammation and SBI (P < 0.05) as compared to women of Group II and Group III. Furthermore, the women in Group I and Group II had statistically higher CAL (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that altered hormonal levels in infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive therapy and infertile women not undergoing this treatment can lead to increased attachment loss, suggesting that these women may require constant periodontal monitoring