Use of Coniothyrium minitans transformed with the hygromycin B resistance gene to study survival and infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia in soil

A Coniothyrium minitans strain (T3) co-transformed with the genes for β-glucuronidase (uidA) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph), the latter providing resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin B, was used to investigate the survival and infection of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by C. minitans over time in four different soils. Infection of sclerotia was rapid in all cases, with the behaviour of transformant T3 and wild type parent A69 being similar. Differences were seen between the soils in the rate of infection of sclerotia by C. minitans and in their indigenous fungal populations. Amendment of agar with hygromycin B enabled the quantification of C. minitans in soil by dilution plating where there was a high background of other microorganisms. In Lincoln soil from New Zealand, which had a natural but low population of C. minitans the hygromycin B resistance marker allowed the umambiguous discrimination of the applied transformed isolate from the indigenous hygromycin B sensitive one. In this soil, although the indigenous C. minitans population was detected from sclerotia, none were recovered on the dilution plates, indicating the increased sensitivity of C. minitans detection from soil using sclerotial baiting. C. minitans was a very efficient parasite, being able to infect a large proportion of sclerotia within a relatively short time from an initially low soil population. The addition of hygromycin B to agar also allowed the detection of C. minitans from decaying sclerotia by inhibiting secondary fungal colonisers. This is the first report to show that fungi colonising sclerotia already infected by C. minitans mask the detection of C. minitans from sclerotia rather than displacing the original parasite

Cross-Overs-Capital Jurors Who Change Their Minds About the Punishment: A Litmus Test for Sentencing Guidelines

Symposium: The Capital Jury Projec

(SNP066) Deaconess Mary Sandys Hutton interviewed by Dorothy Noble Smith, transcribed by Barbara Maynes

Records an interview with Deaconess Mary Hutton, who ran the Pine Grove Episcopal mission in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. Describes her work with the local mountain families, whom she describes as a noble people, before and after the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/snp/1057/thumbnail.jp

I Thought I Grew An Ear in My Stomach: The Phenomenological Experience of the Art Event as Sublime Encounter

This research explores the potential for the sublime experience through encounter with the immersive, site-specific sound installation, in abandoned Cold War military sites. It defines the distinctiveness of sonic nstallation as a practice, its affinities with specific kinds of installation art, the particular somatic and visceral experience it affords, and its scope for engaging memory, feeling and imagination through the use of the abandoned site. The notion of the sublime is presented as a way of reading the visceral charge in the phenomenological experience of the encounter, as a yet unexplored narrative device in site-specific installations. The text unfolds the journey from initially encountering large scale Earthworks in the landscape of the Mid-West American desert, subsequently explored through existing discourse, to the development of two original works and exhibitions that employ the outcomes of the field research. The installations created for this research offer an alternative reading on current discourse and practice within the field of site-specific installation, with particular emphasis on acousmatic readings of the sites. The thesis proposes that tactile phenomenological, sonic experiences of acousmatic sound remain largely absent within discourse of the sublime but offer the ineffable moment consummate with the sublime encounter, therefore offering a new reading on the sublime experience of the participatory performance event. The role of the audience, spectatorship of the work and spatial identity of the sites serve as the historical, critical frame of context, explored through environmentally oriented art practice of Minimalist music and sculpture, Happenings and Intermedia. The installations explored within the research require considered journey to their location, which is questioned for its shifting property to frame the work or ‘encounter’, as an inherent attribute of the event. Finally, the problematic altered perception of the site-specific installation, through remediation in curated exhibitions, is explored through the last chapter

QUE ONDA É ESSA!: O ALCANCE DA RÁDIO EDUCADORA DE PARNAÍBA

O presente trabalho visa investigar a história do rádio no Estado do Piauí, utilizando como referência a Rádio Educadora de Parnaíba. Empregando como recurso metodológico a história oral, através de entrevistas que buscam reconstruir a memória de alguns sujeitos sociais que participaram direta ou indiretamente da historia da emissora após a instalação do transmissor de ondas médias que ampliou sobremaneira seu alcance atingindo inclusive a Europa. O recorte temporal vai de 1940, data da inauguração da primeira emissora de rádio no Piauí até os anos dourados do rádio na década de 60. O estudo é ambientado na Nova História Cultural, focalizando as práticas e as representações, manifestando-se como processo dinâmico de se fazer a história a partir de um tema atual, pesquisando suas peculiaridades ao longo do tempo e descobrindo as diferentes abordagens que lhe foram conferidas pelas circunstâncias variadas

Exposure to dust and bioaerosols at GB municipal waste handling sites

Background Municipal waste in Britain contains organic matter.  Handling this material can risk exposure to substances, including airborne dust and bioaerosol (airborne fungi, bacteria and their cellular components) that can impair human respiratory health. This paper combines the main findings of a series of studies conducted by the Health and Safety Executive in Great Britain to assess exposure to bioaerosols in various facilities processing municipal waste. Methods Site visits were conducted by a team of occupational hygienists and microbiologists. The key aims of the site visits were to quantify exposures to airborne dust and bioaerosol, to assess how waste processing methods and working practices contributed to worker exposure and to assess the effectiveness of exposure controls. Exposure measurement visits were conducted at materials recovery facilities (MRFs), waste transfer stations (WTS) and mechanical and biological treatment plants (MBTs). Findings High bioaerosol exposures, including endotoxin and Aspergillus fumigatus, both of which are associated with specific respiratory health conditions, were measured for several work activities. Higher risk tasks included work around unenclosed, high energy mechanical waste processing plant, cleaning operations using compressed air and high-pressure water jetting and hand sorting of waste at MRFs. Conclusions The higher exposures measured during this work could be reduced by increased sorting of waste at source to separate out food waste, a significant source of contamination in unsorted waste, improved plant design to provide greater containment of automated processes, targeted use of well-designed and suitably maintained LEV systems where practical and the adoption of low dust cleaning techniques

Hermeneutics and Nature

This paper contributes to the on-going research into the ways in which the humanities transformed the natural sciences in the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Centuries. By investigating the relationship between hermeneutics -- as developed by Herder -- and natural history, it shows how the methods used for the study of literary and artistic works played a crucial role in the emergence of key natural-scientific fields, including geography and ecology