Role of Kuensel in Fostering Democracy in Bhutan

In this study, the role of Kuensel in fostering the democratic process is estimated on the basis of four important functions: provider of information, interpreter of the events, initiator of public debate, and as a watchdog. Since its inception Kuensel has greatly contributed to disseminate the information and later in promoting public discussion, albeit on a smaller scale. Findings of this study suggest that Kuensel's regular readership is not very high and also that its news reporting despite its above average quality cannot make an impact on people's opinion. The finding of this sample study suggests that Kuensel is rated as average by the people for its role in fostering democracy. Its aggregate point score is 22.66 out of 40. Its failure to explore and focus the crucial community issues, and consequently its inability to provide alternative solutions to the community problem has resulted in the poor rating. Its role as a watchdog over the public institutions is also rated below average, which is not surprising considering that about 82 per cent respondents believed that reporting in Kuensel is subject to censorship. The regression estimates suggest that issues relating to participatory journalism are vital in strengthening the democratic process. It is relevant for not only Kuensel but also for other media in general

Major Aorto Pulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCA) with Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Artesia in Middle Age Adult: a Rare Finding

A forty four years old male patient presented with headache and dizziness in our outpatient department. On examination, he had pulse rate of 96 /min, blood pressure of 122/80 mmHg, JVP was not raised. He had clubbing and cyanosis on General physical examination. On auscultation pansystolic murmur was heard all over the chest. His respiratory and abdominal examination was normal. There were no significant findings on electrocardiography and skiagram chest. Echocardiography revealed ventricular septal defect with overriding of aorta, pulmonary artery could not be visualised. On computrized tomography pulmonary angiography revealed Ventricular septal defect with overriding of aorta. The main and  normally confluent right and left pulmonary arteries were not visualize

An Evaluation of CubeSat Orbital Decay Utilizing ADCS

Since the early 2000s, the number of nanosatellites launched has shown an exponential trend. As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is getting crowded with nanosatellites and small satellites, FCC\u27s new five-year rule regulation requires space operators to plan disposal through re-entry into Earth\u27s atmosphere in no more than five years after the mission\u27s end. One was to decelerate and deorbit a satellite is by increasing the satellite drag area using active attitude control, which can be used to tactically deorbit satellites to satisfy the five-year rule . The atmospheric density in the upper atmosphere (LEO region) widely varies as a function of altitude, latitude, longitude, geomagnetic activity, solar cycle, seasons, and local time. One factor potentially within the control of the satellite operator is the drag associated with the satellite ram face. This is accomplished by controlling attitude which is especially effective for satellites with faces offering varying cross-sectional areas (e.g., 3U or 6U CubeSats). In this paper, the authors present a feasibility study of how satellite drag can be predicted and controlled by managing the satellite attitude to increase or decrease the effective cross-sectional area of a satellite in consideration of variable factors, such as altitude, inclination, geomagnetic activity, solar cycle, variations in seasons, and local time

MRI detected prevalence of abnormalities in patients of knee pain

Background: In patients of knee pain diagnosis has utmost important for treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgery. MRI is a non-invasive procedure in evaluation of knee joint. So this study was planned find out the prevalence of abnormalities detected by MRI in patients of knee pain.Methods: Fifty patient of knee pain were examined after taking permission from institutional ethics committee by using Siemens Avanto MR machine with a superconducting magnet and field strength of 1.5 tesla using dedicated knee coil (Flex), which were referred from department of Orthopedics & Rheumatology.Results: In this present study 72% patients were males and 28% patients females and their ages ranging from (11-80) years. Knee pain was found common in age group 31-40 years. Menisci lesions (44%) were more common as compared to ligament lesions (14%) in patients of knee pain. Osteoarthritis was found in 40 % of patients of knee pain. Joint effusion and marrow edema was found with incidence of 74% and 62% respectively. 4% patients were suffering from intraarticular tumors.Conclusions: Knee pain can occur at any stage of life due to various causative factors. MRI can demonstrate the exact nature and extent of bony as well as soft tissue abnormality. This has increase the use of MRI in evaluation of patients of knee pain.

Rheology of Fumed Silica and Polyethylene Glycol Shear Thickening Suspension with Nanoclay as an Additive

Shear thickening properties of fumed silica-polyethylene glycol (PEG) with shear thickening fluid (STF) of different concentrations and with an organically modified clay, Nanomer I.28 E as nano-additive have been investigated by both steady-state and dynamic state rheology. Difference in rheology if instead of nanoclay, an equal wt% of additional fumed silica is added to 20 per cent fumed silica-PEG200 STF, has been studied. At 25 °C, in case of addition of nanoclay the increase in critical viscosity is less than that observed for same additional amount of fumed silica. Interestingly, an opposite result is seen at higher temperatures i.e. 45 °C and 55 °C. Moreover, the difference in steady-state and dynamic state viscosity values decreases on addition of nanoclay. It is noted that an increase in concentration of clay increases the value of dynamic parameters whereas for STF of only fumed silica particles the values are constant irrespective of the change in concentration. More importantly, ease of processing, elasticity, stability and consistency of rheological results of STF increases to a significant extent on addition of relatively inexpensive nano-additive

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Elemental Analysis of Nanomaterial Using Photon-Atom Interaction Based EDXRF Technique

Presence of trace amount of foreign impurities (both metallic and non-metallic) in standard salts used for sample preparation and during the synthesis process can alter the physical and chemical behavior of the pure and doped nano-materials. Therefore, it becomes important to determine concentration of various elements present in synthesized nano-material sample. In present work, the elemental and compositional analysis of nano-materials synthesized using various methods has been performed using photon-atom interaction based energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. This technique due to its multielement analytical capability, lower detection limit, capability to analyze metals and non-metals alike and almost no sample preparation requirements can be utilized for analysis of nano-materials. The EDXRF spectrometer involves a 2.4 kW Mo anode x-ray tube (Pananalytic, Netherland) equipped with selective absorbers as an excitation source and an LEGe detector (FWHM = 150 eV at 5.895 keV, Canberra, US) coupled with PC based multichannel analyzer used to collect the fluorescent x-ray spectra. The analytical results showed good agreements with the expected values calculated on the basis of the precursor used in preparation of nano-materials

Establish time-temperature-transformation diagram based on dilatometry results and microstructural evolutions in an AISI 1010 steel

A time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram has been constructed using dilation results. The phase transformations have been confirmed through microstructural changes of AISI 1010 steel. The strength of this steel has been improved for various applications using heat treatments. Experiments for a series of steel samples have been conducted between 310-730°C isothermal temperature range using a thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble®3800. The austenitised microstructure of the steel has been transformed into a combination of ferrite, pearlite, widmanstätten ferrite, massive ferrite, upper and lower bainite, and martensite, etc., when held at different isothermal temperatures. Ferrite along with pearlite have been observed at higher isothermal temperatures while bainite with martensite have been observed at lower isothermal temperatures. Two C-curves have been observed in pearlite and bainite transformation regions