Letter processing and font information during reading: beyond distinctiveness, where vision meets design

Letter identification is a critical front end of the reading process. In general, conceptualizations of the identification process have emphasized arbitrary sets of distinctive features. However, a richer view of letter processing incorporates principles from the field of type design, including an emphasis on uniformities across letters within a font. The importance of uniformities is supported by a small body of research indicating that consistency of font increases letter identification efficiency. We review design concepts and the relevant literature, with the goal of stimulating further thinking about letter processing during reading

Determining Arbitrability of the Dispute: The Clear and Unmistakable Standard for Choice of Law in Arbitration Agreements

This note will also address the clear and unmistakable standard adopted by the Ninth Circuit and used to determine whether or not parties have agreed to apply non-federal arbitrability law. Based on the Ninth Circuit\u27s reasoning in Cape Flattery Ltd. v. Titan Mar., LLC, this Note concludes that the court properly extracted a standard normally used to determine whether a court decides arbitrability as applicable to determining whether parties have sufficiently contracted for non-federal arbitrability law. Lastly, this Note will address the interpretation of arbitration clauses under federal law

Patient-family Centered Advisory Council for the Emergency Department

Issues such as overcrowding and long wait times in the ED cause an increase in patient frustration and dissatisfaction, which may lower hospital satisfaction scores,, and reimbursement. This project proposes the implementation of a Patient-Family Advisory Council (PFAC) in the Emergency Department (ED) setting in a large urban hospital. The addition of a PFAC will offer patients and family members a voice in their care, as they work collaboratively with various healthcare providers to improve patient care, patient safety, and overall satisfaction. The addition of Watson\u27s Caring theory will serve as the theoretical framework for the PFAC since it is based on caring and relationships, which are central to the success of the PFAC. In conclusion, no one method for measuring PFAC success has been deemed as best practice, however literature reports strong organizational support is necessary to maintain a viable PFAC

Waiving Goodbye to Arbitration: Factoring Prejudice When a Party Delays Assertion of Its Contractual Right to Arbitrate: Elliot v. KB Home N.C., Inc.

This note addresses the lawsuit described above, Elliott v. KB Home N.C., Inc., concerning whether KB Home waived its contractual right to arbitration by waiting three years to assert that right, which ultimately prejudiced a class of plaintiffs pursuing litigation against it. After examining how North Carolina courts decide whether to compel arbitration, this note will analyze the four-factor test North Carolina courts use to determine whether a party has sat on its right to arbitrate for too long, subjecting itself to waiver of arbitration. Finally, this note contends that North Carolina\u27s four-factor test, as opposed to a bright-line rule, is the superior method for protecting against prejudice and for upholding the policy favoring arbitration

Understanding the Lived Experience of Practicing Nurses and Their View of Leadership

The healthcare environment is constantly changing and since nurses represent the largest number of healthcare providers, nursing is well positioned to lead in the transformation of healthcare. However, not all nurses recognize themselves as leaders because of a perceived lack experiential knowledge or training. Understanding the leadership perceptions of nurses in practice is important, especially as increasing numbers of novice nurses are hired into positions that have historically been reserved for experienced nurses. For example, more novice nurses are hired into home care positions that require self-directed practice and the ability to demonstrate leadership abilities is called for. This qualitative study, designed to gain an understanding of nursing leadership perceptions, explores qualities integral to nursing leadership and considers strategies that support leadership readiness in novice nurses. Six nurses participated in individual interviews and data collected was analyzed for content. Five themes evolved, including: 1) The term ‘nursing leadership’ lacks common definition, (2) Leadership and management reflect different understandings, (3) Not everyone agrees with the premise that all nurses are leaders, (4) Experience is necessary for leadership, (5) Leadership skills can be taught, developed, and nurtured. This study offers several recommendations to create effective ways to build the “leader within.” A small sample size, suggests additional research is needed to validate the study findings

Loss of high-level perceptual knowledge of object structure in DAT

Peer reviewe

On the role of the upper part of words in lexical access : evidence with masked priming

More than 100 years ago, Huey (1908) indicated that the upper part of words was more relevant for perception than the lower part. Here we examined whether mutilated words, in their upper/lower portions (e.g., , , , ), can automatically access their word units in the mental lexicon. To that end, we conducted four masked repetition priming experiments with the lexical decision task. Results showed that mutilated primes produced a sizeable masked repetition priming effect. Furthermore, the magnitude of the masked repetition priming effect was greater when the upper part of the primes was preserved than when the lower portion was preserved –this was the case not only when the mutilated words were presented in lowercase but also when the mutilated words were presented in uppercase. Taken together, these findings suggest that the front-end of computational models of visual-word recognition should be modified to provide a more realistic account at the level of letter features.The research reported in this article has been partially supported by Grant PSI2008-04069/PSIC and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO2010 CSD2008-00048 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by Grant PTDC/PSI-PCO/104671/2008 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology

Współistnienie sekwestracji płuca i wrodzonej torbielowatości gruczolakowatej płuc. Prezentacja przypadku klinicznego i przegląd piśmiennictwa

This paper presents a case report of an infant, with a prenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformation, which proved to be pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. The authors discuss current knowledge on diagnosis, clinical course and suggestions of ante- and postnatal management of patients with pulmonary sequestration or/and congenital cystic lung malformation.Artykuł zawiera prezentację przypadku niemowlęcia ze stwierdzoną w okresie prenatalnym wadą wrodzoną płuc pod postacią sekwestracji płuca i wrodzonej torbielowatości gruczolakowatej płuca. W pracy zawarto także podsumowanie aktualnej wiedzy na temat diagnostyki, objawów klinicznych oraz postępowania w przypadku stwierdzenia u dzieci powyższych wad zarówno w okresie prenatalnym, jak i postnatalnym