Equilibrium phases of dipolar lattice bosons in the presence of random diagonal disorder

Ultracold gases offer an unprecedented opportunity to engineer disorder and interactions in a controlled manner. In an effort to understand the interplay between disorder, dipolar interaction and quantum degeneracy, we study two-dimensional hard-core dipolar lattice bosons in the presence of on-site bound disorder. Our results are based on large-scale path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations by the Worm algorithm. We study the ground state phase diagram at fixed half-integer filling factor for which the clean system is either a superfluid at lower dipolar interaction strength or a checkerboard solid at larger dipolar interaction strength. We find that, even for weak dipolar interaction, superfluidity is destroyed in favor of a Bose glass at relatively low disorder strength. Interestingly, in the presence of disorder, superfluidity persists for values of dipolar interaction strength for which the clean system is a checkerboard solid. At fixed disorder strength, as the dipolar interaction is increased, superfluidity is destroyed in favor of a Bose glass. As the interaction is further increased, the system eventually develops extended checkerboard patterns in the density distribution. Due to the presence of disorder, though, grain boundaries and defects, responsible for a finite residual compressibility, are present in the density distribution. Finally, we study the robustness of the superfluid phase against thermal fluctuations

Equilibrium Phases of Tilted Dipolar Lattice Bosons

The recent advances in creating nearly degenerate quantum dipolar gases in optical lattices are opening the doors for the exploration of equilibrium physics of quantum systems with anisotropic and long-range dipolar interactions. In this paper we study the zero- and finite-temperature phase diagrams of a system of hard-core dipolar bosons at half-filling, trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice. The dipoles are aligned parallel to one another and tilted out of the optical lattice plane by means of an external electric field. At zero-temperature, the system is a superfluid at all tilt angles $\theta$ provided that the strength of dipolar interaction is below a critical value $V_c(\theta)$. Upon increasing the interaction strength while keeping $\theta$ fixed, the superfluid phase is destabilized in favor of a checkerboard or a stripe solid depending on the tilt angle. We explore the nature of the phase transition between the two solid phases and find evidence of a micro-emulsion phase, following the Spivak-Kivelson scenario, separating these two solid phases. Additionally, we study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations and find that the stripe solid is the most robust, making it the best candidate for experimental observation.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

The sentiment analysis of tweets as a new tool to measure public perception of male erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions

Twitter is a social network based on "tweets," short messages of up to 280 characters. Social media has been investigated in health care research to ascertain positive or negative feelings associated with several conditions but never in sexual medicin

Desigualdades persistentes, relaciones raciales y modernidades en el Recôncavo : el caso de São Francisco do Conde

La investigación pretende ayudar a comprender de qué manera la movilidad social y las desigualdades, sobre todo las que podemos definir como extremas y persistentes, son percibidas en diferentes generaciones de padres e hijos (éstos últimos en el grupo de edad de 15 a 35 años). Su enfoque analítico principal reside en el estudio del cambio generacional: la transferencia de desigualdades de una generación a otra, los efectos del ascenso social entre algunos y del espejismo que ello causa en los demás, así como el proceso mediante el cual este conjunto crea los límites dentro de los cuales se construyen nociones de ciudadanía, expectativas con respecto al mundo laboral, y nuevas identidades sociales y raciales. En este último caso, se trata de entender cómo, cuándo y por qué las personas comienzan a llamarse negros.En el corazón del mundo azucarero. Contrapunto y transición. Memoria. Fotografía. Elites. Cultura popular, cultura negra y cultura afrobahiana. Hombría. ¿Y el género?. La familia. Las dos aboliciones. Conclusiones. Bibliografía

Quantum phases of hard-core dipolar bosons in coupled one-dimensional optical lattices

Hard-core dipolar bosons trapped in a parallel stack of N ≥ 2 one-dimensional optical lattices (tubes) can develop several phases made of composites of particles from different tubes: superfluids, supercounterfluids, and insulators as well as mixtures of those. Bosonization analysis shows that these phases are thresholdless with respect to the dipolar interaction, with the key “control knob” being filling factors in each tube, provided the intertube tunneling is suppressed. The effective ab initio quantum Monte Carlo algorithm capturing these phases is introduced and some results are presented.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CNS-0855217)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CNS-0958379)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant ACI-1126113

Attosecond Streaking in the Water Window: A New Regime of Attosecond Pulse Characterization

We report on the first streaking measurement of water-window attosecond pulses generated via high harmonic generation, driven by sub-2-cycle, CEP-stable, 1850 nm laser pulses. Both the central photon energy and the energy bandwidth far exceed what has been demonstrated thus far, warranting the investigation of the attosecond streaking technique for the soft X-ray regime and the limits of the FROGCRAB retrieval algorithm under such conditions. We also discuss the problem of attochirp compensation and issues regarding much lower photo-ionization cross sections compared with the XUV in addition to the fact that several shells of target gases are accessed simultaneously. Based on our investigation, we caution that the vastly different conditions in the soft X-ray regime warrant a diligent examination of the fidelity of the measurement and the retrieval procedure.Comment: 14 Pages, 12 figure

Destino dei radionuclidi negli impianti di depurazione delle acque reflue urbane

Lo studio presentato in questo lavoro ha avuto come obiettivo il monitoraggio e l’analisi del destino dei radionuclidi negli impianti di depurazione ed è stato condotto in collaborazione tra l’Università di Palermo e ARPA Sicilia. Esso ha previsto lo svolgimento di due fasi sperimentali. Nel corso della prima sono stati monitorati gli impianti di depurazione a servizio dei Comuni di Palermo (in località Acqua dei Corsari e Fondo Verde), Bagheria e Cefalù; nella seconda fase l’indagine è stata limitata al solo impianto di Acqua dei Corsari, nel quale si erano riscontrati in precedenza i maggiori spunti di interesse. In entrambe le fasi sono stati prelevati campioni istantanei in diverse sezioni degli impianti oggetto del monitoraggio: influente, vasca a fanghi attivi, ricircolo di fango, effluente del sedimentatore secondario e fango disidratato. I campioni sono stati analizzati con l’obiettivo di determinare l’attività dei principali radioisotopi di origine antropica, per via del loro uso medicale, o presenti nell’ambiente. L’identificazione e la quantificazione dell’attività dei radioisotopi nei campioni prelevati sono state condotte mediante tecniche di spettrometria gamma, utilizzando le strumentazioni disponibili presso l’Università di Palermo e il Laboratorio di radioattività della Struttura Territoriale di Palermo di ARPA Sicilia. Le attività dei radionuclidi rilevate nei vari punti di campionamento sono state utilizzate per la valutazione del rischio radiologico dei lavoratori e verificare il rispetto dei limiti di esposizione. I risultati ottenuti hanno generalmente evidenziato che il radiosotopo maggiormente presente nei campioni analizzati è risultato lo 131I, verosimilmente a causa del suo elevato tempo di dimezzamento. Inoltre è stata riscontrata una maggiore affinità dei radionuclidi nei confronti della componente solida presente nelle acque reflue, circostanza questa che comporta il loro progressivo trasferimento nei fanghi di depurazione, con particolare riferimento, per lo 131I alla frazione organica in essi presente. Tuttavia le attività di 131I rilevate nei fanghi depurazione sono risultate inferiori ai valori limite imposti dalla normativa vigente (D.Lgs. 230/95, D.Lgs. 241/00), per il loro smaltimento

Superfluid-Insulator and Roughening Transitions in Domain Walls

We have performed quantum Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the superfluid behavior of one- and two-dimensional interfaces separating checkerboard solid domains. The system is described by the hard-core Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor interaction. In accordance with Ref.1, we find that (i) the interface remains superfluid in a wide range of interaction strength before it undergoes a superfluid-insulator transition; (ii) in one dimension, the transition is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type and is accompanied by the roughening transition, driven by proliferation of charge 1/2 quasiparticles; (iii) in two dimensions, the transition belongs to the 3D U(1) universality class and the interface remains smooth. Similar phenomena are expected for domain walls in quantum antiferromagnets.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures; references added, typo corrected in fig