The Moderating Effects of Parenting on the Development of Externalizing Problems in Toddlers

Clarifying processes associated with emerging externalizing behavior problems during early childhood was the focus of this study. Data were collected from 100 parent-child dyads when children were 2, 3, and 4 years. An incremental risk model was hypothesized to explain the emergence of externalizing behavior problems. Theoretically, children\u27s temperamental propensity towards negative emotional reactivity increases risk for noncompliance, noncompliance that increases risk for externalizing behaviors by age 4. Parenting was identified as the mechanism by which children\u27s progression along the incremental risk pathway is amplified or minimized; progression is only expected under conditions of harsh parenting. No statistical support emerged for the incremental risk model or the moderational effects of harsh parenting. Harsh parenting was a statistically significant predictor of children\u27s noncompliance one year later. Implications of the current findings for future research are discussed

The Moderating Effects of Parenting on the Development of Externalizing Problems in Toddlers

Clarifying processes associated with emerging externalizing behavior problems during early childhood was the focus of this study. Data were collected from 100 parent-child dyads when children were 2, 3, and 4 years. An incremental risk model was hypothesized to explain the emergence of externalizing behavior problems. Theoretically, children\u27s temperamental propensity towards negative emotional reactivity increases risk for noncompliance, noncompliance that increases risk for externalizing behaviors by age 4. Parenting was identified as the mechanism by which children\u27s progression along the incremental risk pathway is amplified or minimized; progression is only expected under conditions of harsh parenting. No statistical support emerged for the incremental risk model or the moderational effects of harsh parenting. Harsh parenting was a statistically significant predictor of children\u27s noncompliance one year later. Implications of the current findings for future research are discussed

Evaluating a community lifestyle intervention: adherence and the role of perceived support

Background Interventions that increase participation in physical activity and positive dietary changes may improve the health of the community through modifying the lifestyle contribution to preventable disease. However, previous evaluations have identified concerns about inequitable and unsustainable uptake, adherence and retention within healthy lifestyle schemes.Intervention study The intervention evaluated here was designed to be a 12-week intervention for participants, offering free testing of physiological indicators of health, one-to-one health advice and a range of exercise, activity and cookery classes, at no or reduced cost, at local venues throughout the community. This paper reports the findings from a small qualitative study undertaken to explore the experiences and reflections of those who took part in the intervention to different extents, including those who fully and partially participated as well as those who dropped out or declined to take part.Method Sixteen respondents took part in semi-structured interviews (5 male, 11 female; 8 black, 8 white; age range 25&ndash;85).Findings The findings suggest that participants assessed the healthy lifestyle intervention in terms of how well it met their pre-existing needs and opportunities for change, and that they selected the aspects of the scheme that suited them, interested them and were perceived as delivering salient results. There is also evidence for a stronger role of perceived support in influencing uptake and maintenance of lifestyle changes, and that support was conceptualised by participants as one of the services offered by the scheme. Perceived support and related perceptions of reliance on the scheme to sustain lifestyle changes also suggested that in some cases full adherence to a scheme is not as likely to produce long-term adherence to lifestyle changes as compared to partial, but more realistic adherence and smaller lifestyle changes. Implications for delivering and evaluating healthy lifestyle interventions are also discussed.<br /

Communicating the SHAPE ENERGY H2020 project – Strategies for dissemination and exploitation in the coming year

SHAPE ENERGY – ‘Social sciences and Humanities for Advancing Policy in European Energy’ – aims to develop Europe’s expertise in using and applying energy-related Social Sciences and Humanities (energySSH) to accelerate the delivery of Europe’s Energy Union Strategy. The project integrates and builds upon the experience of pre-existing networks and initiatives, including those of its 13 partners. For it to be successful and well disseminated at a European level, a robust and well-designed communication strategy has been fundamental since the project began in February 2017. The project involves and aims to reach out to a very broad range of stakeholders, represented by academics, policy, industry and communications practitioners. It is therefore important that the project’s communication strategy provides clarity on how to communicate, disseminate and exploit the project objectives and outputs to all members of the consortium and external stakeholders, in order to achieve positive and long-lasting results. Through strategic communication, the project aims to make better use of its results, including by sharing them with e.g. decision-makers to influence policy-making. This document states the communications objectives and targets at the midway point of the project (end of year 1). During the first year (01 Feb 2017 – 31 Jan 2018), SHAPE ENERGY was introduced to the European and national scenes through the creation of a project brand and the launch of an official website. Regular SHAPE ENERGY newsletters, as well as active engagement on our own social media channels, also allowed the project’s followers to stay informed and discover the many project outputs already published – in particular, the first half of 2017 focused on reports from the project’s scoping phase, and the second half focused on an increasing number of videos and blogposts. Furthermore, by making the most of the consortium’s broad geographical outreach, as well as contacts with various stakeholder groups, the project gained traction across several key EU countries. A full review of the extensive communication activities across the project to date is provided in Appendix 8.3. ‘SHAPE ENERGY communications activities to date’. We however want to go even further in the coming year; whilst our outreach to a wide audience has proven to be successful, more can be done to ensure even higher results. By taking stock of the achieved successes and lessons learned in 2017, this document provides a comprehensive communication, dissemination and exploitation plan for the final year of the project. As such, through providing further guidance and support to all SHAPE ENERGY partners, this document will improve existing methodologies and strategies, as well as provides a new evaluation and quarterly review system to ensure that the strategy remains on track, particularly for end of project outputs. It introduces all appropriate channels for each activity and details how we are using them in a timely manner. Toolkits and strategies for specific activity-types, as well as a timeline for the upcoming international and European energy agenda, together identify further opportunities to promote the project and ensure its success will be disseminated to its fullest potential. The last year of the project is key for SHAPE ENERGY, as the project’s ‘2020-2030 Research and Innovation Agenda’ (RIA) will be drafted and agreed among consortium partners on the basis of the various insights and learning gained thanks to the project’s activities. Its dissemination will culminate at the final pan-European conference, officially presenting the project results and completing the collection of the 500+ signatories that we are aiming for with the RIA document. Strategic communication will ensure maximum outreach and impact and seek to guarantee a future for the SHAPE ENERGY platform beyond its set end date

Second Language Impacts On First Language Processing

This line of research investigates attrition (loss of fluency) of native Mandarin language (L1) proficiency with increasing proficiency in English. English uses pitch to denote intonation (e.g., “it’s there?” versus “it’s there!”), while Mandarin uses pitch to indicate word meanings; e.g., /he/ means “drink” with a high, level tone, or “river” with a rising tone. The present study delineates between two alternative explanations for the prior finding (Quam & Creel, 2017) that English proficiency correlates with attrition of Mandarin tones, but not vowels. This pattern could be explained by 1) language assimilability (L1-L2 Assimilability Hypothesis), or 2) by tone being uniquely prone to attrition regardless of assimilability (Tone-Uniqueness Hypothesis). To distinguish these, participants completed an eye-tracked word-recognition task. They heard a spoken Mandarin word while viewing two images, and selected which image matched that word. The two images represent words which differ in tone only (tone trials), vowel only (vowel trials), or are completely different words (baseline trials). Vowel trials are further categorized as easy, medium, or hard difficulty based on the vowels’ assimilability into English. Preliminary results support the assimilability hypothesis, as proficiency in Mandarin is correlated with performance in (more difficult) vowel trials, not just tone trials

Studies on the effect of moderate temperature on Vibrio marinus

Washed cells of Vibrio marinus MP-1 grown at 15 C (organism's optimum growth temperature) were employed in this study. These cells were exposed to heat at and above their maximal growth temperature (20 C) for one hour and tested manometrically at 15 C for their ability to take up oxygen. Endogenous activity, as evidenced by oxygen uptake, decreased with increased temperatures of exposure and was destroyed at 30 C. The same pattern of oxygen uptake was noted when glucose was employed as the substrate. Oxygen uptake decreased with increasing exposure periods at temperatures above the maximum growth temperature. Endogenous oxygen uptake was negligible after exposure at 29.2 C for 50 minutes. The supernatants, which resulted from suspensions of cells exposed to 15 to 35 C, contained 260-280 mμ absorbing material. This increased with increased temperature as well as increased time of exposure. The most radical changes occurred above 28 C. Supernatants were further analyzed for Kjeldahl nitrogen, orcinol reacting material and diphenylamine reacting material. The latter are indicative of ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acid respectively. The data indicates that moderate temperatures from 20 to 30 C are sufficient to inactivate the metabolic systems involved in oxygen uptake both endogenously and in the presence of glucose. Also, cellular composition and permeability are affected, as evidenced by the leakage of 260-280 mμ material

Nitrogen content and performance of shirt fabric durable press finished with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea

A procedure is described for analyzing the nitrogen content of durable press cotton fabric at the rate of 20 samples per hour using the Technicon Kjeldahl Auto Analyzer equipped with a continuous digestor. This method was as good as or better than conventional micro -Kjeldahl technique s. Durable press cotton fabric from the earlier W103 Western Regional study was laundered for 0, 1, 12, 24, 36 and 48 times at 140 F followed by a 104 F rinse and tumble drying. An additional sample at each laundry level was both steam pressed and laundered. The fabric was then analyzed for total percent add-on of finishes, total nitrogen, durable press rating, wrinkle recovery angle, bursting strength and Elmendorf tear resistance. Percent add-on and decreases in nitrogen content due to extraction with perchloroethylene, ethanol, water and 0. 1 N HC1 were also determined. Steam pressing in addition to laundering did not significantly affect any of the physical properties studied. Bursting strength did not change significantly during laundering. Tear resistance decreased significantly through 36 launderings. Significant decreases occurred during the first laundering and up to the twelfth laundering for percent add-on, durable press rating and wrinkle recovery angles. Total nitrogen content showed a significant quadratic effect on durable press ratings with increased launderings. This was related only to the 0. 1 N HC1 extractable nitrogen containing fraction. Major decreases in other nitrogen containing and most percent add-on fractions occurred only during the first laundering. No other relationships were shown between nitrogen content and observed physical properties

Superficial versus deep lymph node dissection in early stage vulvar carcinoma

Our primary objective was to evaluate the difference in overall survival, recurrence rate, and post-operative morbidity related to superficial versus deep inguinal lymphadenectomy in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva

Cardiac outcomes in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: retrospective analysis of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort

Objectives To assess the incidence of and risks for congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pericardial disease, and valvular abnormalities among adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers