Fast growth of ultrananocrystalline diamond films by bias-enhanced nucleation and growth process in CH4/Ar plasma

[[abstract]]This letter describes the fast growth of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films by bias-enhanced nucleation and growth process in CH4/Ar plasma. The UNCD grains were formed at the beginning of the film's growth without the necessity of forming the amorphous carbon interlayer, reaching a thickness of ∼380 nm in 10 min. Transmission electron microscopic investigations revealed that the application of bias voltage induced the formation of graphitic phase both in the interior and at the interface regions of UNCD films that formed interconnected paths, facilitating the transport of electrons and resulting in enhanced electron field emission properties.[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]US

Implementation of Deduplication on Encrypted Big-data using Signcryption for cloud storage applications

As Big Data Cloud storage servers are getting widespread the shortage of disc space within the cloud becomes a major concern. The elimination of duplicate or redundant data, particularly in computer data is named deduplication. Data deduplication is a method to regulate the explosive growth of information within the cloud storage, most of the storage providers are finding more secure and efficient methods for their sensitive method. Recently, a noteworthy technique referred to as signcryption has been proposed, in which both the properties of signature (ownership) and encryption are simultaneously implemented with better performance According to deduplication, we introduce a method that can eliminate redundant encrypted data owned by different users. Furthermore, we generate a tag which will be the key component of big data management. We propose a technique called digital signature for ownership verification. Convergent encryption also called for a content hash key cryptosystem. Convergent encryption is an encryption approach that supports deduplication. With this encryption technique, the encryption key is generated out of a hash of plain text. Therefore applying this technique, identical plaintexts would turn out the same ciphertext

Conservation of a fragmented population of blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)

The Vallanadu Blackbuck Sanctuary (VBS), Tamil Nadu, India is a small protected area (PA) designated to conserve blackbuck. We did a study on habitat use and suitability in the PA that has come under various management interventions. The occupancy of blackbuck was positively correlated with areas lying within the PA, but the encounter rate of blackbuck was significantly higher in areas outside the PA. Being small in size, VBS may not hold a large population of blackbucks, but may help in saving the species which once widely occurred in the southernmost parts of India

Superficial venous patterns of the cubital fossa among volunteers from Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Introduction Cubital fossa is a space in anterior to the elbow which contains important vessels and nerves in the arm. Superficial veins of cubital fossa are commonly used for blood sampling, transfusions and for intravenous injections often under conditions of emergency. These veins are useful in arteriovenous fistula creation for hemodialysis. Besides that, they are used for creation of forearm flaps in plastic surgery. The arrangement of the superficial veins in the cubital fossa however is subjected to considerable variation. Different patterns of superficial cubital veins and their percentages of occurrence have been reported in various races. This prospective study among Malaysians from three races (Malays, Chinese and Indians) was planned since the superficial veins in the cubital fossa are important clinically and their arrangements are subject to racial variation. Objectives The aim of the study is to observe and describe the distribution of anatomical variations of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa among Malay, Chinese and Indian volunteers from Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Methodology and Study Design The study is designed as a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving a simple examination of the superficial veins of cubital fossa among volunteers from Hospital Kuala Lumpur. My sample is composed of three hundred volunteers from three major ethnicities Malays, Chinese and Indians aged from eighteen and above. I, myself performed the duplex ultrasound assessment with the guidance from my supervisors in the vascular unit HKL. The patterns of the veins were drawn onto a survey form. Results Based on my analysis, the commonest type of anastomosis seen was type 1 in both genders with female having 33.3% and male having 34.0% on the right cubital fossa and 32.0% in female and 34.0% in male on the left cubital fossa. Type 1 was the commonest among Malays and Indians. It was 40.0% and 37.0% of right and left cubital fossa in Malays. Indians meanwhile had 36.0% and 41.0% on the right and left cubital fossa. While in Chinese type 3 of anastomosis observed the most. It was 38.0% and 40.0% on right and left cubital fossa. The mixed type combination on both right and left cubital fossa was the highest prevalence in all 3 major ethnicities. There was no significant difference between gender and patterns but there was a significant difference in between ethnicities and patterns of cubital fossa. Conclusion Superficial veins of cubital fossa have their clinical importance. The understanding of patterns in genders, ethnicities and combination patterns of both cubital fossas will assist in clinical procedures. Duplex ultrasound has provided a great understanding of the anatomy of superficial veins of cubital fossa

Multiband monopole antenna for mobile applications

— In this paper, a multiband monopole antenna has been proposed for mobile applications. The monopole antenna has simple structure with a physical size of 15 cm × 7 cm. The antenna consists of monopole shape loaded by a set of folded arms with a varying length which lead to a better impedance matching result and multiband performance. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna provide multiband frequency operation of 0.8 GHz, 1.8 GHz 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz which covers the range from 0 to 4 GHz. The antenna is designed to operate at sub-6 GHz which proposed as lower frequency band to deliver 5G in early stage. The designed antenna has been fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results. RF Coaxial U.FL Connector was used as the port connector. The measurement results agrees well with the simulated ones for all frequency bands

An Atom Michelson Interferometer on a Chip Using a Bose-Einstein Condensate

An atom Michelson interferometer is implemented on an "atom chip." The chip uses lithographically patterned conductors and external magnetic fields to produce and guide a Bose-Einstein condensate. Splitting, reflecting, and recombining of condensate atoms are achieved by a standing-wave light field having a wave vector aligned along the atom waveguide. A differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer is introduced by either a magnetic-field gradient or with an initial condensate velocity. Interference contrast is still observable at 20% with atom propagation time of 10 ms

Gallic Acid Protects Against Immobilization Stress-Induced Changes In Wistar Rats

Background: Stress triggers a wide range of body changes. Herbal medicines are rich in non specific antistress agents.Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antistress effect of gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, on immobilization induced-stress in male albino Wistar rats.Methods: The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting the rats in 20 cm Ч 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were post orally treated with GA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations.Results:Treatment with GA significantly increased the food intake, body weight, organ weight (spleen, testis and brain) and the significant reduction was found in weight of liver, kidney, heart and adrenal glands, which was altered in stressed rats. GA also significantly reduced the elevated levels of plasma glucose, plasma and tissue cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipid (LDL), Very Low Density Lipid (VLDL) and also significantly increased the level of High Density Lipid (HDL). A significant decrease in hematological parameters like RBC count, total and differential WBC count was also found which were increased in immobilization stress.Conclusion: GA prevented the stress-induced physiological, biochemical and hematological changes, indicating the preventive effect against stress

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