Metallic conduction and superconductivity in the pseudogap phase

We analyze the t-J model on a square lattice using bosonic spinons and fermionic holons for low density x of holes. Spinons are paired into singlets, which condense below a temperature T*. The condensate evolves out of the Mott phase - preserving its symmetry. For T > T* holons and spinons are confined (by gauge forces), so that there is no coherent charge propagation. Metallic conduction and d-wave superconductivity result from separate, sublattice-preserving, holon hopping processes which originate below T* from a coupling with the condensate. A simple effective Hamiltonian describing these processes is derived and solved. Holons form a charge Fermi liquid, becoming incoherent (confined) above T*. In the superconductor holons hop as pairs, reducing kinetic energy. The two-sublattice property is the glue that connects the three phases; its effect can be seen in various correlation functions. The theory can account for many features of the cuprate superconductors, including the origin of two-dimensional metallicity.Comment: 7 pages 5 Postscript figure

Planning in India: where is natural resources in the development strategy?

Neither the draft approach paper to the previous plan strategies nor the draft approach of Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (2007- 12) address natural capital as a sources of growth in the development strategy of Indian Planning . But, it is argued that the development or degradation of natural capital makes a big difference to the life of masses. Also, the theoretical model in development economics argues that if the disadvantages of resource and land limitations are very larger than the advantages of technological progress, it will cause the growth of income per worker falling. So, without any piecemeal development programme, sustainable development programmes that integrates natural capital with the continuous development process strengthening the links between environmental regeneration and economic growth needs to be addressed in the planning strategy of India through continuous and integrated programmes and the schemes.Natural resources; Livelihood Assets; Five capital assets; Natural Capital in Development Economics

Social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS: evidence from West Bengal

Based on household level’ field survey in West Bengal State in Indian context, this study suggests that poverty and lower level of human capital provide the basic initiatives for both rural –urban migration and risky occupational choice for household’s income, and thus contributes to the spread of HIV/AIDS. Also, the HIV/AIDS epidemic of those economically and socially disadvantaged households leads to the consequence of absolute economic and social poverty within a short period after its detection. Despite such a consequence of absolute economic and social poverty, the benefit of actions by government or non-government organizations is insignificant for themSocio-economic reasons; Socio-economic implications, Benefit of actions; Rural-Urban Migration; Economically ; Socially disadvantaged households

Comment – defence lawyers in serious fraud trials

A comment by Neil Gerrard and Rinita Sarker of Dibb Lupton Alsop solicitors in response to the article by Ros Wright, Director of the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) published in Amicus Curiae, Issue 12, page 12. The authors suggest that the attack by Ros Wright on the tactics adopted by defence lawyers in serious fraud trials is both unjustified and misleading. Published in the Comment section of Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London

Indian microfinance: lessons from Bangladesh

That more than three-fourths of old SHGs in every year remain outside credit linked further with mainstream banks in India makes the doubt whether old SHGs are becoming non-existent within a very short period of their formation. The re-survey to some previously productive SHGs makes the doubt stronger. But to set up a successful enterprise by poor SHG members’ households to earn a sustainable living under microcredit programmes of Grameen Bank, Bangladesh, loans are received by their borrowers in a continuous sequence; and to this process, ‘customer-made credit service’ and ‘flexible loan’ are locally designed a best suited for borrowersself help groups; microcredit; Grameen Bank; flexible loan