シリョウ チョウカク ショウガイジ ノ ゴイ ニカンスル ブンケンテキ コウサツ

従来より聴覚障害児の語彙に関する研究は数多くなされてきたが､名詞を中心としたものが多く､動詞を扱った研究は少ない｡本稿では､我が国における聴覚障害児の語彙に関する研究を概観し､そこで明らかにされた聴覚障害児の語彙の特徴をまとめた｡さらに､動詞を扱った研究を中心に､その研究意義と今後の展望について文献的に考察した｡聴覚障害児の語彙研究の現状から､獲得が困難である語に関する､抽象度以外の特質を明らかにすること､また､心的動詞の獲得について研究を進めることの必要性が示唆された

Increase in Cellulose Accumulation and Improvement of Saccharification by Overexpression of Arabinofuranosidase in Rice

Cellulosic biomass is available for the production of biofuel, with saccharification of the cell wall being a key process. We investigated whether alteration of arabinoxylan, a major hemicellulose in monocots, causes an increase in saccharification efficiency. Arabinoxylans have β-1,4-D-xylopyranosyl backbones and 1,3- or 1,4-α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues linked to O-2 and/or O-3 of xylopyranosyl residues as side chains. Arabinose side chains interrupt the hydrogen bond between arabinoxylan and cellulose and carry an ester-linked feruloyl substituent. Arabinose side chains are the base point for diferuloyl cross-links and lignification. We analyzed rice plants overexpressing arabinofuranosidase (ARAF) to study the role of arabinose residues in the cell wall and their effects on saccharification. Arabinose content in the cell wall of transgenic rice plants overexpressing individual ARAF full-length cDNA (OsARAF1-FOX and OsARAF3-FOX) decreased 25% and 20% compared to the control and the amount of glucose increased by 28.2% and 34.2%, respectively. We studied modifications of cell wall polysaccharides at the cellular level by comparing histochemical cellulose staining patterns and immunolocalization patterns using antibodies raised against α-(1,5)-linked l-Ara (LM6) and β-(1,4)-linked d-Xyl (LM10 and LM11) residues. However, they showed no visible phenotype. Our results suggest that the balance between arabinoxylan and cellulose might maintain the cell wall network. Moreover, ARAF overexpression in rice effectively leads to an increase in cellulose accumulation and saccharification efficiency, which can be used to produce bioethanol

Role of Symbiotic Algae on Gemmule Germination of a Freshwater Sponge, Radiospongilla cerebellata

Annandale sponges (Radiospongilla cerebellata) have chlorellae as endosymbiotic algae and are distributed throughout the freshwaters of southwestern Japan. Gemmules of this sponge hatch only under an illuminated condition. The hatch is perfectly inhibited in total darkness. Although illumination is necessary for the gemmule hatching, the intensity of the light is very low and the illuminating period to induce the hatching is very short. Gemmules also fail to hatch unless the surface of incubating media is freely exposed to the atmosphere. Photosynthetic inhibitors strongly suppressed the hatching even under the optimal temperature and fully illuminated condition. To understand role of air components and photosynthesis on the gemmule hatch, we examined gaseous elements of the air and found that oxygen and carbon dioxide were responsible for the gemmule hatch. These gases are also evolved or consumed by photosynthesis. When oxygen was evacuated from the incubating media, no gemmules were hatched. On the other hand, gemmules incubated in a medium containing excess carbon dioxide did not germinate even under the optimal illuminated condition. This suggests that gemmule germination of the Annandale sponges seems to be initiated by oxygen and suppressed by carbon dioxide. This suggests that the both gasses might be evolved in or consumed from hibernating gemmule cells by photosynthesis of symbiotic algae to induce germination in these animal cells.departmental bulletin pape

Rice Putative Methyltransferase Gene OsPMT16 Is Required for Pistil Development Involving Pectin Modification

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Changes in the Distribution of Pectin in Root Border Cells Under Aluminum Stress

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Immunoglobulin G4-Related Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Diagnosed with Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy

A 71-year-old man with obstructive jaundice was referred to our department. He underwent cholangiojejunostomy 15 years ago for palliative drainage. At that time, he had obstructive jaundice caused by an unresectable pancreatic head tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) now revealed a mass with low enhancement in the hepatic hilum that occluded the hilar bile duct and infiltrated extensively along the portal vein and hepatic artery. CE-CT also showed marked atrophy of the left hepatic lobe. No swelling or tumors were observed in the pancreas. Serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels were as high as 465 mg/dL. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) was performed targeting the hepatic hilar lesion. Immunohistological results of the biopsy specimens suggested that the lesion was an IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) with no atypical cells. Steroid treatment resulted in rapid clinical improvement. This case suggested the usefulness of EUS-FNB for diagnosing IgG4-related hepatic hilar IPT

Effect of silicon deficiency on secondary cell wall synthesis in rice leaf

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a typical Si-accumulating plant and is able to accumulate Si up to >10 % of shoot dry weight. The cell wall has been reported to become thicker under Si-deficient condition. To clarify the relationship between Si accumulation and cell wall components, the physical properties of, and macromolecular components and Si content in, the pectic, hemicellulosic, and cellulosic fractions prepared from rice seedlings grown in hydroponics with or without 1.5 mM silicic acid were analyzed. In the absence of Si (the −Si condition), leaf blades drooped, but physical properties were enhanced. Sugar content in the cellulosic fraction and lignin content in the total cell wall increased under −Si condition. After histochemical staining, there was an increase in cellulose deposition in short cells and the cell layer just beneath the epidermis in the −Si condition, but no significant change in the pattern of lignin deposition. Expression of the genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis, OsCesA4, OsCesA7, OsPAL, OsCCR1 and OsCAD6 was up-regulated under −Si condition, but expression of OsCesA1, involved in primary cell wall synthesis, did not increase. These results suggest that an increase in secondary cell wall components occurs in rice leaves to compensate for Si deficiency