Outward FDI from India and its policy context

India is now the world's 21st largest outward investor, which is significant given its historically miniscule foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows. Annual FDI outflows have jumped fifty-fold after 2000, and Indian firms have invested over US$ 75 billion overseas in the past decade, in some cases to attain global status by acquiring world-leading firms. Substantial improvements in the country's economic performance and the competitiveness of its firms and their strategy, resulting from ongoing liberalization in economic and outward FDI (OFDI) policies, made these developments possible. Indian firms now invest across a wide variety of sectors and countries, departing from their historical focus on trading and textile investments in developing countries. Following the 25% crisis-induced drop in Indian OFDI in 2009, Indian firms are once again increasing their overseas investment, including through mergers and acquisitions (M&As). India's OFDI should continue its rapid upward trend over the next few years, as more companies seek to transfer their products and service innovations to new markets, and acquire strategic international know-how and market shares, particularly in crisis-hit developed economies

金砖四国跨国公司如何应对国际政治风险

笔者分析了关于对巴西，俄罗斯，印度和中国（金砖四国）公司向外投资的政治风险忧患的调查报告的结果，并且将其与全球类似的风险忧患进行比较

Inward FDI in India and its policy context

A minor global FDI player in 2000, India is now the world's thirteenth largest FDI host country. With 2008 inflows of US$42 billion and 2009 inflows of US$ 27 billion, it is also a global top three preferred investment destination. Notable liberalizations in FDI policy and in several economic sectors, a globally competitive workforce, and rapid GDP and market growth are the main drivers of foreign investment in India. Yet, equity caps limit the size of potential new inflows, while national security concerns might prompt more oversight of FDI approval processes

The (u,v)-Calkin-Wilf Forest

In this paper we consider a refinement, due to Nathanson, of the Calkin-Wilf tree. In particular, we study the properties of such trees associated with the matrices $L_u=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ u & 1\end{bmatrix}$ and $R_v=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & v \\ 0& 1\end{bmatrix}$, where $u$ and $v$ are nonnegative integers. We extend several known results of the original Calkin-Wilf tree, including the symmetry, numerator-denominator, and successor formulas, to this new setting. Additionally, we study the ancestry of a rational number appearing in a generalized Calkin-Wilf tree.Comment: 18 page

Interview with Sir Anand Satyanand: Commonwealth Oral History Project

Interview with Sir Anand Satyanand, conducted 12th March 2014 in London as part of the Commonwealth Oral History Project. The project aims to produce a unique digital research resource on the oral history of the Commonwealth since 1965 through sixty oral history interviews with leading figures in the recent history of the organisation. It will provide an essential research tool for anyone investigating the history of the Commonwealth and will serve to promote interest in and understanding of the organisation. Biography: Satyanand, Anand. 1944- . Born in Auckland, New Zealand. Graduated from the University of Auckland, 1970. Lawyer, 1970-1982. Judge in Auckland District Court, 1982-1994. Parliamentary Ombudsman, 1995-2005. 19th Governor-General of New Zealand, 2006-2011. Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John, 2006. Knight Grand Companion in the New Zealand Order of Merit (GNZM), 2009. Chair of the Commonwealth Foundation, 2013-present

How BRIC MNEs Deal with International Political Risk

The author analyzes the results of a survey of political risk concerns of outward-investing Brazilian, Russian, Indian, and Chinese (BRIC) firms and compares the results to the concerns of global counterparts

High Level Speaker Specific Features as an Efficiency Enhancing Parameters in Speaker Recognition System

In this paper, I present high-level speaker specific feature extraction considering intonation, linguistics rhythm, linguistics stress, prosodic features directly from speech signals. I assume that the rhythm is related to language units such as syllables and appears as changes in measurable parameters such as fundamental frequency (  ), duration, and energy. In this work, the syllable type features are selected as the basic unit for expressing the prosodic features. The approximate segmentation of continuous speech to syllable units is achieved by automatically locating the vowel starting point. The knowledge of high-level speaker’s specific speakers is used as a reference for extracting the prosodic features of the speech signal. High-level speaker-specific features extracted using this method may be useful in applications such as speaker recognition where explicit phoneme/syllable boundaries are not readily available. The efficiency of the particular characteristics of the specific features used for automatic speaker recognition was evaluated on TIMIT and HTIMIT corpora initially sampled in the TIMIT at 16 kHz to 8 kHz. In summary, the experiment, the basic discriminating system, and the HMM system are formed on TIMIT corpus with a set of 48 phonemes. Proposed ASR system shows 1.99%, 2.10%,  2.16%  and  2.19 % of efficiency improvements compared to traditional ASR system for and of 16KHz TIMIT utterances

Forensic and Automatic Speaker Recognition System

Current Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) System has emerged as an important medium of confirmation of identity in many businesses, ecommerce applications, forensics and law enforcement as well. Specialists trained in criminological recognition can play out this undertaking far superior by looking at an arrangement of acoustic, prosodic, and semantic attributes which has been referred to as structured listening. An algorithmbased system has been developed in the recognition of forensic speakers by physics scientists and forensic linguists to reduce the probability of a contextual bias or pre-centric understanding of a reference model with the validity of an unknown audio sample and any suspicious individual. Many researchers are continuing to develop automatic algorithms in signal processing and machine learning so that improving performance can effectively introduce the speaker’s identity, where the automatic system performs equally with the human audience. In this paper, I examine the literature about the identification of speakers by machines and humans, emphasizing the key technical speaker pattern emerging for the automatic technology in the last decade. I focus on many aspects of automatic speaker recognition (ASR) systems, including speaker-specific features, speaker models, standard assessment data sets, and performance metric