Evaluation and characterisation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seed oil: comparison with Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil.

The physicochemical properties, fatty acid, tocopherol, thermal properties, 1H NMR, FTIR and profiles of non-conventional oil extracted from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad seeds were evaluated and compared with conventional sunflower seed oil. In addition, the antioxidant properties of C. colocynthis seed oil were also evaluated. The oil content of the C. colocynthis seeds was 23.16%. The main fatty acids in the oil were linoleic acid (66.73%) followed by oleic acid (14.78%), palmitic acid (9.74%), and stearic acid (7.37%). The tocopherol content was 121.85 mg/100 g with γ-tocopherol as the major one (95.49%). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the oil was thermally stable up to 286.57 °C, and then began to decompose in four stages namely at 377.4 °C, 408.4 °C, 434.9 °C and 559.2 °C. The present study showed that this non-conventional C. colocynthis seed oil can be used for food and non-food applications to supplement or replace some of the conventional oils

Bitter and sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seeds and seed oils : a comparison study of their compositions and physicochemical properties

In this study, bitter and sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seed oils (BLO and SLO) were extracted using the soxhlet extraction method. The physicochemical properties, fatty acid compositions, thermal properties, 1H NMR, FTIR and UV visible spectra of BLO and SLO were evaluated. In addition, the antioxidant properties of bitter and sweet lupin seeds and their oils were also studied. The results showed that the bitter and sweet lupin seeds consist of 8% and 12% of oil, respectively. BLO and SLO contained high concentration of oleic acid (46.28 and 48.72%), followed by linoleic acid (21.55 and 20.90%), linolenic acid (7.69 and 8.95%), and palmitic acid (7.39 and 7.5%). The total tocopherol content of BLO and SLO were 184.70 and 317.01 mg/100 g oil, respectively. TG/DTG curves showed that the process thermal decomposition of the oils occurs in four phases for SLO and three phases for BLO

2-Methyl-2-(2-pyrid­yl)hexa­hydro­pyrimidine

In the aminal-type title compound, C10H15N3, the six-membered hexa­hydro­pyrimidine ring adopts a chair conformation and the N atoms are pyramidally coordinated. One of the two amido –NH units engages in inter­molecular hydrogen bonding with the pyridyl N atom, generating a helical chain running along the b axis of the ortho­rhom­bic unit cell

Post-functionalization of polymeric mesoporous C@Zn coreeshell spheres used for methyl ester production

In the present study, the mesoporous carbon@zinc (C@Zn) core-shell spheres were hydrothermally synthesized, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the surfactant and d-glucose as the pore forming agent. Then, the post-sulfonation treatment was carried out to prepare polymeric mesoporous SO3H-ZnO catalyst. The physicochemical, structural, textural and morphological properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), surface area analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation), temperature programed desorption (TPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polymeric mesoporous SO3H-ZnO catalyst owned a high surface area of 396.56 m2/g with the average pore size of 3.45 nm and acid strength of 1.92 ± 0.05 mmol/g. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was further studied via esterification of the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), using a microwave-assisted technique. The biodiesel yield of 91.20% was achieved under the optimized esterification conditions as follows: the methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 90 °C and reaction time of 15 min. The spent mesoporous catalyst was highly stable for reuse with nine continuous runs without further treatment

Dibromido(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cadmium

In the title complex, [CdBr2(C14H12N2)], the CdII ion is tetra­coordinated by two N atoms of the bidentate 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two bromide ions in a substanti­ally distorted CdN2Br2 tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯Br bonds generate R 2 2(14) loops. Aromatic π–π stacking [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.633 (2) Å] inter­actions occur within, and also link, the dimers into chains propagating parallel to [100]

5,5-Dimethyl-2,2-bis­(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-diazinane

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H20N4, the 1,3-diazinane ring adopts a chair conformation and the dihedral angle formed by the pyridine rings is 78.64 (8)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bond, forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules are linked into dimers by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating rings of R 2 2(10) graph-set motif

N′-(Di-2-pyridylmethyl­ene)benzo­hydrazide

In the title Schiff base, C18H14N4O, the amido –NH– unit is connected to one of the two pyridyl N atoms at an N(—H)⋯N distance of 2.624 (2) Å. The mol­ecular packing features an inter­molecular C—H⋯N R 2 2(6) hydrogen-bonding ring motif

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of L

The kinetics of oxidation of L-cysteine by 3-di-2-pyridylketone-2-thiophenylhydrazone-iron(III), [Fe(DPKTH)2] 3+ complex in acidic medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 36 °C temperature. The molar ratios of DPKTH to iron(III) and iron(II) individually, were found to be [2:1] [DPKTH : iron(III)/(II)]. The reaction was stroked to be first-order with respect to iron(III) and L-cysteine, second-order with respected to DPKTH ligand and reversed second-order with respected to hydrogen ion concentration. Added salts did not affect the rate and no free radical was detected when radical detector was placed in the reaction mixture. Ethanol solvent ratio was found to effect both the initial rate and the maximum absorbance (λmax) of [Fe(DPKTH) 2]2+ complex. The initial rate rose when the temperature was increased which empowered to calculate the activation parameters. A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed

(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)diiodidocadmium

In the title compound, [CdI2(C14H12N2)], the mol­ecule sits on a crystallographic twofold axis. The coordination sphere of the CdII atom is built of two symmetry-equivalent N atoms of one 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen) ligand and two symmetry-equivalent I atoms, thus forming a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. Inversion-related mol­ecules inter­act along the c-axis direction by π–π stacking inter­actions between the phenanthroline ring systems, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.707 (9) and 3.597 (10) Å

Yucca aloifolia seed oil: a new source of bioactive compounds

Yucca aloifolia Linn (Y. aloifolia), also known as Spanish bayonet, is a drought-tolerant plant containing important bioactive compounds in various parts of the plant. Y. aloifolia is used as a natural medicinal herb. The purpose of the present study was to characterize and evaluate the seed oil extracted from Y. aloifolia seeds. The oil content of the seeds was 16.23%. The principal fatty acids in the oil were linoleic acid (73.38%), oleic acid (13.52%) and palmitic acid (8.18%). The oil has high vitamin E activity because of an appreciable concentration of tocols (204 mg/100 g), particularly tocotrienols, which represent 79% of the total amount of tocols. Tocotrienols have powerful antioxidant, anticancer, neuro/cardio protective and cholesterol-lowering properties. The thermal profile of Y. aloifolia seed oil was examined differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Y. aloifolia seed oil is considered to be healthy dietary oil