О позитивном взаимовлиянии России и США в мировой истории

In the world history, the positive influence in the Russian-American relations has arisen a several hundred years ago and over time become reciprocal. This article is devoted to the relationship between the two world powers — the USA and Russia, which were allies rather much more often in the real life, than vice versa, and which can continue to be together in the great politics and world economy.В мировой истории позитивное влияние в российско-американских отношениях возникло несколько столетий тому назад и со временем приобрело взаимный характер. Статья посвящена взаимоотношениям двух мировых держав — России и США, которые гораздо чаще были в реальности союзниками, чем наоборот, и вполне могут и дальше оставаться вместе в большой политике и мировой экономике

A long non-coding RNA links calreticulin-mediated immunogenic cell removal to RB1 transcription

A subset of promoters bidirectionally expresses long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of unknown function and protein-coding genes (PCGs) in parallel. Here, we define a set of 1107 highly conserved human bidirectional promoters that mediate the linked expression of long ncRNAs and PCGs. Depletion of the long ncRNA expressed from the RB1 promoter, ncRNA-RB1, reveals regulatory effects different from the RB1-controlled transcriptional program. ncRNA-RB1 positively regulates the expression of calreticulin (CALR) that in response to certain therapeutic interventions can translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface, hence activating anticancer immune responses. Knockdown of ncRNA-RB1 in tumor cells reduced expression of CALR, impaired the translocation of the protein to the cell surface upon treatment with anthracylines and consequently inhibited the cellular uptake by macrophages. In conclusion, co-transcription of ncRNA-RB1 and RB1 provides a positive link between the expression of the two tumor suppressors RB1 and the immune-relevant CALR protein. This regulatory interplay exemplifies disease-relevant co-regulation of two distinct gene products, in which loss of expression of one oncosuppressor protein entails the abolition of additional tumor-inhibitory mechanisms

Usa and Russia: Historical injustice from the times of tocqueville [США И РОССИЯ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ НЕСПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ ВРЕМЕН ТОКВИЛЯ]

Historical justice is now to be reestablished in what concerns the interpretations by the French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville of the USA and Russia. For Americans, in his opinion, freedom was above all; for Russians, it was commitment, duty, service to the Fatherland and certainly not slavery, as translations and quotes testify. The time has come to rehabilitate the reputation of Tocqueville's works as well as the Russian people from the charges fabricated in the 1st third of the XIX century against Russia for inclination towards slavery and despotism. This politico-linguistic research testifies that the individual interest and a choice of actions without restriction of force are routine in America. This, in particular, still serves as an explanation of some essential features of the American mentality and the free access to weapons. The concept of slavery has always been peripheral for the Russian people. The error of translation and quotation occurred because of negligence of authors to the meaning of nuances of the French word servitude. In the original Tocqueville's text, there is no term slavery as well as no direct indications of slavery in the Russian Empire. For Russians, the service to their Fatherland, liability to the Homeland, the obligation, responsibility, but not slavery, remained the core and constant cultural attributes through centuries. © 2015.Настал момент восстановить историческую справедливость в отношении высказывания французского философа Алексиса де Токвиля (1835) о США и России. Для американцев на первом месте, по его мнению, стояла свобода, для русских - служение, обязательство, долг перед Родиной, а вовсе не рабство, как свидетельствуют переводы и цитаты. Пришло время реабилитировать доброе имя и труды Токвиля, пересмотреть ложные обвинения России в рабстве и деспотизме в первой трети XIX в. Исследование автора, лежащее на пересечении истории, политологии, политической философии и лингвистики, выявило, что за американскую свободу принимались личный интерес и выбор действий без ограничения силы. Этим, в частности, до сих пор объясняют особенности американского менталитета и свободное применение оружия. Для русского народа рабство не могло быть главным в жизни. Погрешность при переводе и цитировании произошла из-за невнимания переводчиков к многозначности оттенков французского слова servitude. В оригинальном тексте Токвиля непосредственно отсутствует слово "рабство" (esclavage), как и указание на рабовладение в Российской империи. Для русского человека основным и неизменным в веках оставалось служение Отчизне, долг перед Родиной, обязательство, ответственность, но никак не рабство. Слова "Служу Отечеству!" давно стали атрибутом русской цивилизации. © 2015

USA AND RUSSIA: HISTORICAL INJUSTICE FROM THE TIMES OF TOCQUEVILLE

Historical justice is now to be reestablished in what concerns the interpretations by the French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville of the USA and Russia. For Americans, in his opinion, freedom was above all; for Russians, it was commitment, duty, service to the Fatherland and certainly not slavery, as translations and quotes testify. The time has come to rehabilitate the reputation of Tocqueville's works as well as the Russian people from the charges fabricated in the 1st third of the XIX century against Russia for inclination towards slavery and despotism. This politico-linguistic research testifies that the individual interest and a choice of actions without restriction of force are routine in America. This, in particular, still serves as an explanation of some essential features of the American mentality and the free access to weapons. The concept of slavery has always been peripheral for the Russian people. The error of translation and quotation occurred because of negligence of authors to the meaning of nuances of the French word servitude. In the original Tocqueville's text, there is no term slavery as well as no direct indications of slavery in the Russian Empire. For Russians, the service to their Fatherland, liability to the Homeland, the obligation, responsibility, but not slavery, remained the core and constant cultural attributes through centuries