Translation Shift From Balinese Into English in the Puppet Shadow Script Lubdaka

Balinese and English have different grammatical structure and English does not have speech level like Balinese. The condition may cause both linguistic and cultural shifts to make the translation equivalent. This difference becomes a challenge for translators in finding the closest natural equivalent of Balinese terms of address in English or vice versa. This study analyzed types of shifts in translation occurred in the translation of the terms of address from Balinese into English in puppet shadow script ‘Lubdaka'. This study belonged to qualitative study approach and used descriptive method. The primary data is the translation of terms of address from Balinese into English directly taken from puppet shadow script and its translation into English of the Lubdaka story in the book The Invisible Mirror of Siwaratri Kalpa (2008). Shifts in translation in the data occurred in grammatical (transposition) and in point of view (modulation). There are four types of shifts that belong to the grammatical: structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift. Meanwhile, there are three types of shifts found that belongs to the shift in point of view: lexical dense shift, lexical loose shift, and emphasizing on 2nd person

Dynamics of semigroups of entire maps of Ck\mathbb{C}^k

The goal of this paper is to study some basic properties of the Fatou and Julia sets for a family of holomorphic endomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^k,\; k \ge 2$. We are particularly interested in studying these sets for semigroups generated by various classes of holomorphic endomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^k,\; k \ge 2.$ We prove that if the Julia set of a semigroup $G$ which is generated by endomorphisms of maximal generic rank $k$ in $\mathbb{C}^k$ contains an isolated point, then $G$ must contain an element that is conjugate to an upper triangular automorphism of $\mathbb{C}^k.$ This generalizes a theorem of Fornaess-Sibony. Secondly, we define recurrent domains for semigroups and provide a description of such domains under some conditions.Comment: 14 page

Rigidity of Julia sets of families of biholomorphic mappings in higher dimension

The goal of this article is to study a rigidity property of Julia sets of certain classes of automorphisms in $\mathbb{C}^k$, $k \ge 3.$ First, we study the relation between two polynomial shift-like maps in $\mathbb{C}^k$, $k \ge 3$, that share the same backward and forward Julia sets (or non-escaping sets). Secondly, we study the relationship between any pair of skew products of H\'{e}non maps in $\mathbb{C}^3$ having the same forward and backward Julia sets.Comment: 27 page

Polynomial shift--like maps in Ck\mathbb{C}^k

The purpose of this article is to explore a few properties of polynomial shift-like automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^k.$ We first prove that a $\nu-$shift-like polynomial map (say $S_a$) degenerates essentially to a polynomial map in $\nu-$dimensions as $a \to 0.$ Secondly, we show that a shift-like map obtained by perturbing a hyperbolic polynomial (i.e., $S_a$, where $|a|$ is sufficiently small) has finitely many Fatou components, consisting of basins of attraction of periodic points and the component at infinity.Comment: There is a considerable change in the results in addition to the change in titl

Spatial correlations, additivity and fluctuations in conserved-mass transport processes

We exactly calculate two-point spatial correlation functions in steady state in a broad class of conserved-mass transport processes, which are governed by chipping, diffusion and coalescence of masses. We find that the spatial correlations are in general short-ranged and consequently, on a large scale, these conserved-mass transport processes possess a remarkable thermodynamic structure in the steady state. That is, the processes have an equilibriumlike additivity property, and a corresponding fluctuation-response relation, which helps us to obtain subsystem mass distributions in the limit of subsystem size large.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures (part of Sec. III modified, figs 6 and 7 replaced

Hydrodynamics, density fluctuations and universality in conserved stochastic sandpiles

We study conserved stochastic sandpiles (CSSs), which exhibit an active-absorbing phase transition upon tuning density $\rho$. We demonstrate that a broad class of CSSs possesses a remarkable hydrodynamic structure: There is an Einstein relation $\sigma^2(\rho) = \chi(\rho)/D(\rho)$, which connects bulk-diffusion coefficient $D(\rho)$, conductivity $\chi(\rho)$ and mass-fluctuation, or scaled variance of subsystem mass, $\sigma^2(\rho)$. Consequently, density large-deviations are governed by an equilibriumlike chemical potential $\mu(\rho) \sim \ln a(\rho)$ where $a(\rho)$ is the activity in the system. Using the above hydrodynamics, we derive two scaling relations: As $\Delta = (\rho - \rho_c) \rightarrow 0^+$, $\rho_c$ being the critical density, (i) the mass-fluctuation $\sigma^2(\rho) \sim \Delta^{1-\delta}$ with $\delta=0$ and (ii) the dynamical exponent $z = 2 + (\beta -1)/\nu_{\perp}$, expressed in terms of two static exponents $\beta$ and $\nu_{\perp}$ for activity $a(\rho) \sim \Delta^{\beta}$ and correlation length $\xi \sim \Delta^{-\nu_{\perp}}$, respectively. Our results imply that conserved Manna sandpile, a well studied variant of the CSS, belongs to a distinct universality - {\it not} that of directed percolation (DP), which, without any conservation law as such, does not obey scaling relation (ii).Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Precise Matching of PL Curves in RNR^N in the Square Root Velocity Framework

The square root velocity function (SRVF), introduced by Srivastava et al, has proved to be an effective way to compare absolutely continuous curves in $R^N$ modulo reparametrization. Several computational papers have been published based on this method. In this paper, we carefully establish the theoretical foundations of the SRVF method. In particular, we analyze the quotient construction of the set of absolutely continuous curves modulo the group (or in some cases, semigroup) of reparametrizations, proving an important theorem about the structure of the closed orbits required in this quotient construction. We observe that the set of piecewise linear curves is dense in the space of absolutely continuous curves with respect to the SRVF metric. Finally, given two piecewise linear curves, we establish a precise algorithm for producing the optimal matching between these curves. This also results in a precise determination of the geodesic between the points in the quotient space corresponding to these curves. In the past, this geodesic has only been approximated using the method of Dynamic Programming. We show examples resulting from this algorithm.Comment: 41 pages, 12 figure

Some aspects of shift-like automorphisms of C^k

The goal of this article is two fold. First, using transcendental shift-like automorphisms of C^k, k > 2 we construct two examples of non-degenerate entire mappings with prescribed ranges. The first example exhibits an entire mapping of C^k, k > 2 whose range avoids a given polydisc but contains the complement of a slightly larger concentric polydisc. This generalizes a result of Dixon-Esterle in C^2. The second example shows the existence of a Fatou--Bieberbach domain in C^k,k > 2 that is constrained to lie in a prescribed region. This is motivated by similar results of Buzzard and Rosay-Rudin. In the second part we compute the order and type of entire mappings that parametrize one dimensional unstable manifolds for shift-like polynomial automorphisms and show how they can be used to prove a Yoccoz type inequality for this class of automorphisms

Gammalike mass distributions and mass fluctuations in conserved-mass transport processes

We show that, in conserved-mass transport processes, the steady-state distribution of mass in a subsystem is uniquely determined from the functional dependence of variance of the subsystem mass on its mean, provided that joint mass distribution of subsystems is factorized in the thermodynamic limit. The factorization condition is not too restrictive as it would hold in systems with short-ranged spatial correlations. To demonstrate the result, we revisit a broad class of mass transport models and its generic variants, and show that the variance of subsystem mass in these models is proportional to square of its mean. This particular functional form of the variance constrains the subsystem mass distribution to be a gamma distribution irrespective of the dynamical rules.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Segment Wise Communication Delay Measurement for Managing Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid

In order to meet the communication delay requirements of various message types while developing applications for the Smart Grid (SG), selection of appropriate communication technology is crucial and requires network segment-wise delay characterization under different network conditions. Thus, this thesis presents a segment-wise communication delay measurement technique and experimental results for SG applications. In this technique, an Arduino based test bed is developed to characterize communication delays across multiple hops using different communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and cellular communication. This test bed is customized for the measurement of the delay involved in several network segments between remotely deployed photovoltaic (PV) panels and monitoring locations. Extensive delay measurement tests are conducted with varying data packet sizes under various controlled background traffic conditions, including Internet traffic. The test results can be used to infer the suitability of various communication technologies under diverse network conditions