THE RIGHTS OF MINORITY CITIZENS FROM THE QURAN AND SEERAH

Abstract. Humans having or lacking citizenship rights regardless of the acceptance of political sovereignty isa matter of debate and dialogue between different schools of thought. Heavenly religions, especially Islam, claim to universality and because of the great reputation for humans, regardless of race, color, religion, etc places, certainly in interacting with people who initially refuses to accept Islamic rule, or later and out of the shadow of doubt the banner of Islam and a minority in terms of population, has designed solutions. This study titled "Islamic civil rights" by cross-referring to the concept of citizen and religious rule, followed by extracting the most important rights of citizens of Quran and prophetic tradition and its role in the stability and security of society and establish Islamic rule and finally conclude with the presentation of Conclusions and, of familiarity and all citizens of their rights and their impact based on the rule of Islamic civilization is stopped.Keywords: the Quran, Prophet Muhammad, the rule of religious, civil rights

A pot line rectiformer scheme with hybrid-shunt active power filter

Passive harmonic filters (PHF) are commonly used in conventional potline rectifier transformers (Rectiformer) schemes of aluminum smelters to improve the power quality and reduce harmonic distortions to an acceptable level. However, changes in operating conditions and system configuration affect the performance capability of PHF in attenuating harmonics. In this paper, a Rectiformer scheme with hybrid-shunt active power filter (SAPF) is used instead of PHF and compared with the other commonly applied schemes in aluminum smelter in terms of harmonic attenuation capability. The SAPF potline Rectiformer scheme and other schemes are modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.  A control strategy suitable for potline load behavior is furnished in this paper for SAPF. The simulation results reveal the performance superiority of the proposed SAPF as compared to the conventional and ALBA pot line (PL) 6 schemes

Prevalence Rate of Congenital Fetal Malformations in Second Trimester by Ultrasound Scanning in Zagazig University Outpatient Clinic

Background: All pregnancies are at a risk of producing congenital malformations, though only some of them are at a greater risk. Congenital anomalies its problem in which abnormalities of structure, function or body metabolism resulting in physical or mental disability or it may be fatal.Objective: This study aimed for early detection of major fetal anomalies to improve fetal and maternal outcome.Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study that include 422 pregnant females was carried out at the Ultrasound Unit and Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University during the period from December 2018 to July 2019. Results: Ultrasonography can identify at least 35-50% of major fetal malformations with a specificity of 90-100%. Though other methods of screening like biochemical markers and karyotyping are available, ultrasonography has the advantage of being non- invasive, safe, fast, accurate and reproducible with real time display, causing no discomfort to the patient at any time of gestation.Conclusions: The Prevalence of congenital fetal malformations (CFMF) among the study participants using ultrasonography scanning was 3.6%. The most prevalent anomalies were Hydrops fetalis and CVS anomalies. Therefore screening for congenital anomalies in obstetric sonography is an important component of primary healthcare for maternal and child health

The effect of placenta previa on fetal weight and feto-maternal blood flow: a prospective cohort study

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of placenta previa on the fetal weight and to explore its effect on the uterine and umbilical arteries blood flow.Methods: The current study was a prospective cohort study conducted at Assiut Women’s Health Hospital, Egypt from 1st of October 2016 to 30th of September 2017 including placenta previa and non-placenta previa women. They were followed up by two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler blood flow in the uterine and umbilical arteries. The main study outcome was the number of low birth weight (LBW) babies delivered at or beyond 37 weeks and blood flow changes in uterine and umbilical arteries.Results: Two hundred twelve women were divided into two groups; group I included 106 placenta previa women (PP group) and 106 non-placenta previa women (NPP group). The number of LBW babies were comparable in both groups without statistically significant difference (P value= 0.555). Neither; uterine artery nor umbilical artery blood flow had any significant differences between the groups.  Preterm delivery was significantly higher in the PP group (p value=0.000).Conclusions: Although there is no agreement, in the literature, on the association between placenta previa and LBW, authors suggest that placenta previa is not a reason for LBW babies. In addition, placenta previa shows no effect on uterine artery or umbilical artery blood flow

The Effect Of Culture System On Embryonic Development and Aneuploidy Rate For Icsi Cases

Background: Patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF)cycles often suffer from recurrent implantation failure (RIF). To ensure live birth and embryonic viability, culture systems should be optimized in all ICSI and IVF cycles. The success of IVF can be affected by the culture systems employed for embryonic development. It has been argued that covering micro drops with oil in culture systems can prevent microbial infection, ensure suitable osmotic and pH conditions, and prevent the evaporation of the medium. Objectives: Comparing the embryonic development, euploidy rate ,and clinical outcome of using GPS Dishes covered with paraffine oil and SPL Dishes with mineral oil for patients with previous RIF. Patients and methods: the study was a prospective randomized controlled trial and the sample size consisted of 174 patients undergoing ICSI cycles at a private fertility center during the period between April 2017 and March 2020. Patients’ embryos were randomly assigned into one of the two of the aforementioned groups. Results: The two groups weren’t statistically significantly different in male age, female age, collected oocyte number, number of mature oocytes, and number of blastocysts undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD-A). For the preimplantation parameters of the embryos, fertilization, cleavage, and high-quality blastocyst rates were statistically significantly higher in the GPS Dishes with paraffin oil group than in the SPL Dishes covered with mineral oil group (77.5, 80.1, and 79.45%) (p = 0.012, and 0.001). Conclusion: we conclude that embryonic development can be enhanced by using GPS Dishes with paraffin oil overlying

New norfloxacin/nitric oxide donor hybrids: Synthesis and nitric oxide release measurement using a modified Griess colorimetric method

Oximes and nitrate esters are considered as important nitric oxide (NO) donors with diverse biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new oxime and nitrate ester derivatives of norfloxacin as potential NO donor hybrids with expected synergistic antimicrobial activity. The release of NO from those hybrids was measured by a modified Griess method in which p-nitroaniline was employed instead of sulfanilamide. The increased electrophilicity of the intermediate 4-nitroaniline diazonium salt accelerated the coupling process and shortened the overall assessment time. The improved detection limits and enhanced sensitivity would pave the way for the future application of this method in nitrite determination in biological or non-biological systems

Evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer, optic nerve head, and macular ganglion cell analysis measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is very important to diagnose glaucoma in early stages so that timely management can be done. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), is a newer device which helps to diagnose glaucoma early. The aim of our study was to evaluate the RNFL, ONH, and mGCA (GCL+IPL) measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Methods: Total 30, POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) suspects were compared with 30 normal controls. The Cirrus HD-OCT optic disc cube 200 × 200 protocol was used to measure ONH, RNFL and macular parameters.Results: The average cpRNFL thickness of all quadrants was significantly lower in POAG suspects, (84.13±7.42 μm versus 103.85±8.95 μm, p<0.001). The superior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.75±2.60 μm and 80.05±1.74 μm, respectively, (p<0.001). The inferior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.98±2.59 μm and 80.00±1.79 μm, respectively, (p<0.001).Conclusions: The SD-OCT is an important device to diagnose POAG suspects, early. The GCA measurements and average RNFL (especially superior and inferior) measurements, both are equally good to discriminate between glaucoma suspects and normal controls

Diagnostic Accuracy of Tympanometry for Diagnosis of Fluid the Middle Ears of Children with Otitis Media with Effusion staking Myringotomy as Gold Standard

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for diagnosing fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion taking myringotomy as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2020. Methodology: A total of 201 patients who underwent tympanometry followed by myringotomy of aged between 3 to 12 years of either gender were included. All patients underwent tympanometry. After that, myringotomy was carried out through a radial incision in the anteroinferior quadrant using a general inhalational anaesthetic agent. The operative findings at myringotomy were recorded. The presence of fluid on intraoperative findings using myringotomy was considered positive for the presence of fluid in the middle ears of children. Results: The age range of the patients was from 3-12 years, with a mean age of 7.35±2.41 years. Of these 207 patients,133(64.18%) were males, and 74(35.82%) were females. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for diagnosis of fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion taking myringotomy as the gold standard was 85.7%, 86.3%, 89.4%, 81.7% and 85.9% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of tympanometry for the diagnosis of fluid in the middle ears of children with Otitis Media with Effusion is quite high

Group-Based EEG Source Mapping of the Visual Cortex Using Adaptive MSP Localization

Approximately 10–20% of the global population (~8.2 billion in 2025) is affected by neurological disorders, including migraine (~12%), Alzheimer’s/dementia (~0.7%), epilepsy (~0.6%), and Parkinson’s disease (~0.1%). Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a critical modality for capturing electrophysiological brain dynamics in such conditions. Advanced engineering techniques—including inverse problem regularization, spatial filtering, source reconstruction algorithms, and computational modeling—enhance the accuracy, spatial resolution, and clinical applicability of EEG systems. EEG source localization, supported by biomedical signal processing pipelines, plays a key role in diagnosing and treating 10–15% of brain disorders involving abnormal cortical excitability. This research proposes a novel computational approach to EEG source localization that emphasizes engineering innovation in biomedical signal processing and system optimization. Specifically, it targets neural activity within the visual cortex, applying a Bayesian framework with Multiple Sparse Priors inversion. The proposed algorithm employs adaptive patch variation to optimize Free Energy and reduce localization errors across subject groups in response to facial stimuli, including familiar, unfamiliar, and scrambled faces. By addressing the ill-posed nature of the EEG source localization problem, this approach mitigates uncertainties caused by factors such as noise, neural overlaps, and structural defects. The results are validated using a synthetic EEG dataset. MATLAB-based SPM12 toolbox is used for pre-processing and statistical analysis.  In this study, EEG source localization was performed on six subjects (three males, three females, aged 23–31) using a proposed MSP inversion algorithm across cortical patch ranges (350–3500, step 150). The adaptive patching strategy differs from prior MSP work by dynamically adjusting patch sizes to optimize Free Energy, thereby reducing localization errors more effectively across subject groups. The proposed MSP inversion achieved reliable EEG source localization, with mean errors ranging from 1.2 to 7.7 mm and a group mean of 4.0 mm, consistently identifying occipitotemporal regions (BA 18, 19, 20, 37). The demonstrated results confirm the accurate localization of visually evoked sources, supporting its potential for diagnostic and computational applications in biomedical engineering and neuroscience

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication