Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children

Congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) is a three dimensional deformity and is one of the most common congenital abnormalities affecting the lower limb and can be challenging to manage. Hind-foot deformity is considered the most difficult to treat. Unfortunately, the calcaneus is often small and thus difficult to control during casting after surgical release in severe or relapsed cases. We used three pins to control and maintain the hind foot correction, after surgical release, during casting in 47 cases (59 feet). We introduced a modified, coronal plane, transverse calcaneal pin. This pin is inserted from medial to lateral through the calcaneus to correct the varus mal-positioning of the calcaneus in the sagittal plane and to provide a better control on the small sized, hind-foot during casting. We paid special attention to the final hind-foot deformity after surgery, and the results were favorable after the application of this transverse pin

Model theory of algebraically closed fields and the Ax-Grothendieck Theorem

>Magister Scientiae - MScWe introduce the concept of an algebraically closed field with emphasis of the basic model-theoretic results concerning the theory of algebraically closed fields. One of these nice results about algebraically closed fields is the quantifier elimination property. We also show that the theory of algebraically closed field with a given characteristic is complete and model-complete. Finally, we introduce the beautiful Ax-Grothendieck theorem and an application to it

Foot Progression Angle in Relation to Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the difference in the foot progression angle and measure spatiotemporal parameters of gait of children with diplegic cerebral palsy and to examine the relation among foot progression angle of right and left lower limb and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and Correlation study. SUBJECTS: Sixty children with spastic diplegia, aged 5 to 8 years. The participants were categorized into 3 age groups of equivalent number: group A (5 to 6 years), group B (6 to 7 years), as well as group C (7 to 8 years). METHODS: Foot progression angle and spatiotemporal parameters of the gait for both feet were evaluated utilizing a dynamic footprint. RESULTS: a moderate negative significant correlation was noted among left FPA and right step length, and right stride length. There was moderate positive significant correlation among left FPA and cadence . A weak non-significant correlation was observed among right and left FPA and gait parameters among three groups. CONCLUSION: foot progression angle assessment and spatiotemporal measurements and the correlation among them can give objective and quantitative data that could be utilized in rehabilitation and clinical evaluations to identify functional deficiencies

Finite element analysis of dynamic structure-medium interaction with some reference to underground nuclear reactor containments

A finite element solution is developed for the problem of time-history response of reinforced underground cavity subjected to dynamic disturbances of the underground environment. The cavity can be of any shape, reinforced by either rock bolts or any elastic liner, with bending stiffness taken into consideration. Available methods that can solve the cavity problem are examined and an available computer programme (plane stress) modified. Introduction of a new reinforcing plate element necessitated development of two new subroutines and the extension of a third one along with certain modifications in the other subroutines and the main programme for matching requirements. The modifications enable the determination of displacements and the internal forces - time histories of the liner. -- A quantitative study of the following parameters that affect the response of the cavity reinforcement and the surrounding medium is carried out: 1) cavity reinforcement, 2) cavity shape, 3) isolation of the entire structure from the surrounding medium by a soft, energy absorbing material and 4) properties of the filling material in the cut-and-cover structural type. The modified computer programme has applications to problems outside the field of two-dimensional rock-structure interaction such as the dynamic analysis of beams, plane frames and arches. -- A finite element model is developed to simulate the dynamic analysis of infinite space. The results of the study indicate that reinforcing the cavity by a steel liner decreases the stresses in the medium by about 10% while the use of a rock bolting pattern with about 80% of the amount of steel required in a reinforcing liner decreases the stresses around the cavity by 25% and more. The horseshoe shape proves to be the best among the various shapes considered decreasing the stresses by 10-15%. Large reductions (of the order of 80%) in shell (liner) membrane forces and bending moments are reached by isolating the entire structure from the surrounding medium by a soft, energy absorbing material, which agree with the results from another investigation. It is also pointed out that a proper selection of the properties of the filling material in the cut-and-cover structure can reduce the internal forces in the structure and the stresses in the adjacent medium. It is shown that a significant reduction cannot be achieved by a single property variation but only through a proper combination of different properties (Figs. 33 to 36). The results obtained from the new model indicate the need for further modelling work in the solution of earthquake interaction problems for underground cavities

Synthesis and anti-tumor activities of new [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives

Condensation of 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine with the appropriate sodium (E)-(2-oxocycloalkylidene)methanolate gave 7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[e][1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline, 7,8,9,10-tetra hydro-6H-cyclohepta[e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro cycloocta[e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated via elemental analyses, spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR), and X-ray single crystal diffraction data. These derivatives showed potent anti-tumor cytotoxic activity in vitro using different human cancer cell lines

Evaluation of in vitro effect of Fosfomycin on resistant Gram-negative pathogens in urinary tract infection

Background:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common infections occurring in different ages. The increasing emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has led to reuse older antimicrobials like Fosfomycin. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of Fosfomycin on MDR pathogens beside its effect on biofilm formation. Methods: A total of 116  MDR Gram -negative isolates  from  ICU patients suffering from UTI has been included in this study. Standard microbiological tests were done to identify the isolates. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was detected by disk diffusion method. Phenotypic tests for determining variousβ-lactamases were done. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Fosfomycin was detected by agar dilution method. Formation of biofilm by the isolates with and without adding Fosfomycin was assessed by microtiter plate method. Results: The most frequently isolated pathogen was E. coli (70/116); 60.3% followed by Klebsiella spp. (31/116); 26.7%. Fosfomycin showed a high level of inhibitory effect on most of tested isolates ; E. coli revealed low resistance rate of 4.2%,while Klebsiella spp < /em>, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumani showed resistance rate of 16% ,36%), and 50%, respectively.  A total of 72 (62.1%) isolates was ESBL producers, of which 92% isolates were Fosfomycin - sensitive , while 25(22%) isolates were MBL-positive, of which 88% were sensitive to Fosfomycin. Eighty-seven (75%) isolates were biofilm producers. Fosfomycin inhibited biofilm formation in 67(77%) isolates. Conclusion: ESBL and MBL producing Gram negative urinary pathogens showed high sensitivity level to Fosfomycin. Also, Fosfomycin had good inhibitory effect on their biofilm formation