Die nichtaxiomatisierbarkeit des unendlichwertigen Prädikatenkalküls von Łukasiewicz

In dieser Arbeit soll eine unendlichwertige Logik untersucht werden, deren Aussagenkalkül von Łukasiewicz und Tarski [3] erstmals diskutiert wurde. Eine ausführliche Darstellung des Prädikatenkalküls findet man in J. D. Rutledge [6] und B. Rosser [5]. Von A. Rose und Rosser wurde die Vollständigkeit des Aussagenkalküls bewiesen [4]. Später wurde von Rutledge die Vollständigkeit des einstelligen Prädikatenkalküls bewiesen, und zwar mit algebraischen Methoden, den sogenannten MV-Algebras, die von C. C. Chang [1] eingeführt worden sind. Hier soll bewiesen werden, dass der volle unendlichwertige Prädikatenkalkül nicht axiomatisierbar ist. Genauer: es soll gezeigt werden, dass die Menge der wahren Formeln, d.h. derjenigen Formeln, die immer den Wert Eins annehmen, nicht rekursiv auf zählbar is

Stability of the magnetic Couette-Taylor flow

Abstract.: In this paper we consider the magnetic Couette-Taylor problem, that is, a conducting fluid between two infinite rotating cylinders, subject to a magnetic field parallel to the rotation axis. This configuration admits an equilibrium solution of the form $(0,ar + br^{{ - 1}} ,0,0,0,\alpha + \beta \log r).$ It is shown that this equilibrium is Ljapounov stable under small perturbations in $\mathcal{L}^{2} (\Gamma ),$ where $\Gamma = \{ (r,\varphi ,z)/r_{1} < r < r_{2} ,\varphi \in [0,2\pi ],z \in \mathbb{R}\} ,$ provided that the parameters a, b, α, β are small. The methods of proof are a combination of an energy method, based on Bloch space analysis and small data technique

Syndecan-4 knockout leads to reduced extracellular transglutaminase-2 and protects against tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is an extracellular matrix crosslinking enzyme with a pivotal role in kidney fibrosis. The interaction of TG2 with the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 (Sdc4) regulates the cell surface trafficking, localization, and activity of TG2 in vitro but remains unstudied in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that Sdc4 is required for cell surface targeting of TG2 and the development of kidney fibrosis in CKD. Wild-type and Sdc4-null mice were subjected to unilateral ureteric obstruction and aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) as experimental models of kidney fibrosis. Analysis of renal scarring by Masson trichrome staining, kidney hydroxyproline levels, and collagen immunofluorescence demonstrated progressive fibrosis associated with increases in extracellular TG2 and TG activity in the tubulointerstitium in both models. Knockout of Sdc-4 reduced these effects and prevented AAN-induced increases in total and active TGF-b1. In wild-type mice subjected to AAN, extracellular TG2 colocalized with Sdc4 in the tubular interstitium and basement membrane, where TG2 also colocalized with heparan sulfate chains. Heparitinase I, which selectively cleaves heparan sulfate, completely abolished extracellular TG2 in normal and diseased kidney sections. In conclusion, the lack of Sdc4 heparan sulfate chains in the kidneys of Sdc4-null mice abrogates injury-induced externalization of TG2, thereby preventing profibrotic crosslinking of extracellular matrix and recruitment of large latent TGF-b1. This finding suggests that targeting the TG2- Sdc4 interaction may provide a specific interventional strategy for the treatment of CKD

Comparing hierarchies of total functionals

In this paper we consider two hierarchies of hereditarily total and continuous functionals over the reals based on one extensional and one intensional representation of real numbers, and we discuss under which asumptions these hierarchies coincide. This coincidense problem is equivalent to a statement about the topology of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals. As a tool of independent interest, we show that the Kleene-Kreisel functionals may be embedded into both these hierarchies.Comment: 28 page

Lower mortality rate in elderly patients with community-onset pneumonia on treatment with aspirin

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is complicated by high rate of mortality and cardiovascular events (CVEs). The potential benefit of aspirin, which lowers platelet aggregation by inhibition of thromboxane A2 production, is still unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of aspirin on mortality in patients with pneumonia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients admitted to the University-Hospital Policlinico Umberto I (Rome, Italy) with community-onset pneumonia were recruited and prospectively followed up until discharge or death. The primary end point was the occurrence of death up to 30 days after admission; the secondary end point was the intrahospital incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. One thousand and five patients (age, 74.7±15.1 years) were included in the study: 390 were receiving aspirin (100 mg/day) at the time of hospitalization, whereas 615 patients were aspirin free. During the follow-up, 16.2% of patients died; among these, 19 (4.9%) were aspirin users and 144 (23.4%; P<0.001) were aspirin nonusers. Overall, nonfatal CVEs occurred in 7% of patients, 8.3% in nonaspirin users, and 4.9% in aspirin users (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 3.04; P=0.040). The Cox regression analysis showed that pneumonia severity index (PSI), severe sepsis, pleural effusion, and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio <300 negatively influenced survival, whereas aspirin therapy was associated with improved survival. Compared to patients receiving aspirin, the propensity score adjusted analysis confirmed that patients not taking aspirin had a hazard ratio of 2.07 (1.08 to 3.98; P=0.029) for total mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that chronic aspirin use is associated with lower mortality rate within 30 days after hospital admission in a large cohort of patients with pneumonia

An extracellular transglutaminase is required for apple pollen tube growth

An extracellular form of the calcium-dependent protein-crosslinking enzyme TGase (transglutaminase) was demonstrated to be involved in the apical growth of Malus domestica pollen tube. Apple pollen TGase and its substrates were co-localized within aggregates on the pollen tube surface, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining and the in situ cross-linking of fluorescently labelled substrates. TGase-specific inhibitors and an anti-TGase monoclonal antibody blocked pollen tube growth, whereas incorporation of a recombinant fluorescent mammalian TGase substrate (histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein:His6– Xpr–GFP) into the growing tube wall enhanced tube length and germination, consistent with a role of TGase as a modulator of cell wall building and strengthening. The secreted pollen TGase catalysed the cross-linking of both PAs (polyamines) into proteins (released by the pollen tube) and His6-Xpr-GFP into endogenous or exogenously added substrates. A similar distribution of TGase activitywas observed in planta on pollen tubes germinating inside the style, consistent with a possible additional role for TGase in the interaction between the pollen tube and the style during fertilization

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the treatment of the acute phase of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults

A prospective, open-label phase III study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a preparation of virus-inactivated normal human intravenous immunoglobulin. Fifteen adult patients suffering from chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), (basal platelet count <20x109/l), received 0.4 g/kg daily for 5 days. The increase in platelet count, reduction in hemorrhagic events, duration of platelet response, and incidence of adverse events were recorded. Fourteen out of 15 patients achieved a platelet count ?50x109/l (response rate was 93.3%), and only 2 out of 10 patients with positive baseline Rumple-Leed test remained positive after treatment (p =0.0022). Interestingly, a close inverse correlation between platelet counts and haemoglobin levels was observed. No side effects were recorded. This study provides evidence of therapeutic efficacy and the good tolerability of the immunoglobulin preparation we used in this trial, and suggests the role of haemolysis as a mechanism for the increase in platelet count