Tolerância à germinação em trigo sob dois métodos de avaliação.

Editores técnicos: Joseani Mesquita Antunes, Ana Lídia Variani Bonato, Márcia Barrocas Moreira Pimentel

Distribution and origin of ozone in the eastern Mediterranean free troposphere during MINOS (August 2001)

International audienceA coupled tropospheric chemistry ? climate model is used to reproduce and analyze tropospheric ozone distributions observed during the MINOS campaign in the eastern Mediterranean region (August, 2001). Generally, regional atmospheric dynamics in summer are strongly influenced by the occurrence of an upper tropospheric anti-cyclone, associated with the Asian summer monsoon and centered over the Tibetan Plateau. The anti-cyclone affects the chemical composition of the upper troposphere, where ozone concentrations of about 50 ppbv were measured, through advection of boundary layer air from South-East Asia. A layer between 4?6 km thickness and containing up to 120 ppbv of ozone was present beneath. Ozone from stratospheric origin and from lightning NOx contributed to this layer. Additionally, pollutant ozone from North America was mixed in. Ozone in the lower troposphere originated mainly from the European continent. Modeled ozone profiles are in reasonable agreement with the observations. The stratospheric influence is sometimes overestimated by the model due to too strong vertical diffusion associated with the relatively coarse vertical resolution of the model, and specific convective events are not reproduced realistically. The modeled tropospheric ozone column over the eastern Mediterranean is ~50 DU in summer, to which ozone from recent stratospheric origin contributes about 30%, ozone from lightning 13%, and from South-East Asia, North America and Europe about 7%, 8% and 14%, respectively, adding to a long-term hemispheric background of 25% of the column

Avaliação preliminar do nanismo amarelo em genótipos de triticale.

Editores técnicos: Joseani Mesquita Antunes, Ana Lídia Variani Bonato, Márcia Barrocas Moreira Pimentel

Nanoparticles incorporating pH-responsive surfactants as a viable approach to improve the intracellular drug delivery

The pH-responsive delivery systems have brought newadvances in the field of functional nanodevices and might allow more accurate and controllable delivery of specific cargoes, which is expected to result in promising applications in different clinical therapies. Here we describe a family of chitosan TPP (tripolyphosphate) nanoparticles (NPs) for intracellular drug delivery, which were designed using two pH-sensitive amino acid-based surfactants fromthe family Nα,Nε-dioctanoyl lysine as bioactive compounds. Lowand mediummolecularweight chitosan (LMW-CS and MMW-CS, respectively) were used for NP preparation, and it was observed that the size distribution for NPs with LMW-CS were smaller (~168 nm) than that for NPs prepared with MMW-CS (~310 nm). Hemolysis assay demonstrated the pH-dependent biomembrane disruptional capability of the constructed NPs. The nanostructures incorporating the surfactants cause negligible membrane permeabilization at pH 7.4. However, at acidic pH, prevailing in endosomes, membrane-destabilizing activity in an erythrocyte lysis assay became evident. When pH decreased to 6.6 and 5.4, hemolytic capability of chitosan NPs increased along with the raise of concentration. Furthermore, studies with cell culture showed that these pH-responsive NPs displayed low cytotoxic effects against 3T3 fibroblasts. The influence of chitosan molecular weight, chitosan to TPP weight ratio, nanoparticle size and nature of the surfactant counterion on the membrane-disruptive properties of nanoparticleswas discussed in detail. Altogether, the results achieved here showed that by inserting the lysine-based amphiphiles into chitosan NPs, pH-sensitive membranolytic and potentially endosomolytic nanocarriers were developed, which, therefore, demonstrated ideal feasibility for intracellular drug delivery

Avaliação de genótipos de trigo irrigado para panificação e macarrão, em Minas Gerais, no ano de 2007.

bitstream/CNPT-2010/40335/1/p-bp62.pd

Determination of Methotrexate in pH-Sensitive Chitosan Nanoparticles by Validated RP-LC and UV Spectrophotometric Methods

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are in constant development and, therefore, it is of great importance to have rapid, efficient and accurate analytical methodology to quantify the encapsulated drugs. Here, simple and fast methods, by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and UV spectrophotometry, were developed and validated for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) in pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). NPs were prepared using a modified ionotropic complexation process, in which was included a surfactant derived from Nα,Nε-dioctanoyl lysine with an inorganic sodium counterion. The RP-LC method was carried out on a Waters XBridgeTM C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5μm), with mobile phase consisted of potassium phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 3.2): acetonitrile (86:14, v/v), and UV detection set at 303 nm. The analyses of MTX content by the UV method were also accomplished at 303 nm, using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide as diluent. The measurements were linearly correlated with concentration for both methods in the 1 - 30 μg/mL range (r > 0.9999). The specificity tests showed that there was no interference of the NP components on the quantitative analyses. Precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) was demonstrated by a relative standard deviation lower than 1.5%, whereas the accuracy was assessed by the recovery of MTX from sample matrices, given mean value of ~99%. The proposed methods were applied for the analyses of MTX in different batches of NPs, and the results showed non-significant differences (p > 0.05) between the values obtained with both methodologies. Moreover, the RP-LC method was successfully used to determine the drug entrapment efficiency, and to quantify MTX during in vitro release assays and photolytic degradation studies. In conclusion, the validated methods are suitable to assay MTX in pH-sensitive CS-NPs without any interference from the polymer or surfactant