Étude des désexcitations électromagnétiques des niveaux 1- situés à 12,44 et 13,09 MeV dans le noyau 16O

Les désexcitations γ des niveaux 1- situés à 12,44 et 13,09 MeV dans le noyau 16O ont été étudiées et deux nouvelles transitions mises en évidence. En outre au cours de ce travail les paramètres des deux niveaux 1- ont été redéterminés

Échantillonneur pour analyse simultanée des événements X, Y et XY

En analyse biparamétrique, il est souvent nécessaire de connaître en plus du spectre X Y les deux spectres simples X et Y sans tenir compte des corrélations qui existent entre eux. Il est important d'utiliser les mêmes codeurs pour les deux types de spectres. L'augmentation du temps mort qui en résulte est réduite par une méthode d'échantillonnage. Le principe de la méthode et la logique des circuits permettant l'analyse simultanée des informations simples et corrélées sont décrits

Organizational boundaries of medical practice: the case of physician ownership of ancillary services

Physician ownership of in-office ancillary services (IOASs) has come under increasing scrutiny. Advocates of argue that IOASs allow physicians to supervise the quality and coordination of care. Critics have argued that IOASs create financial incentives for physicians to increase ancillary service volume. In this paper we develop a conceptual framework to evaluate the tradeoffs associated with physician ownership of IOASs. There is some evidence supporting the existence of scope and transaction economies in IOASs. Improvement in flow and continuity of care are likely to generate scope economies and improvements in quality monitoring and reductions in consumer transaction costs are likely to generate transaction economies. Other factors include the capture of upstream and downstream profits, but these incentives are likely to be small compared to scope and transaction economies. Policy debates on the merits of IOASs should include an explicit assessment of these tradeoffs. This research was supported in part by funding from the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)

The Elephant in the Room -- Why AI Safety Demands Diverse Teams

We consider that existing approaches to AI "safety" and "alignment" may not be using the most effective tools, teams, or approaches. We suggest that an alternative and better approach to the problem may be to treat alignment as a social science problem, since the social sciences enjoy a rich toolkit of models for understanding and aligning motivation and behavior, much of which could be repurposed to problems involving AI models, and enumerate reasons why this is so. We introduce an alternate alignment approach informed by social science tools and characterized by three steps: 1. defining a positive desired social outcome for human/AI collaboration as the goal or "North Star," 2. properly framing knowns and unknowns, and 3. forming diverse teams to investigate, observe, and navigate emerging challenges in alignment.Comment: 9 page

Study of 2b-decay of Mo-100 and Se-82 using the NEMO3 detector

After analysis of 5797 h of data from the detector NEMO3, new limits on neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100 (T_{1/2} > 3.1 10^{23} y, 90% CL) and Se-82 (T_{1/2} > 1.4 10^{23} y, 90% CL) have been obtained. The corresponding limits on the effective majorana neutrino mass are: m < (0.8-1.2) eV and m < (1.5-3.1) eV, respectively. Also the limits on double-beta decay with Majoron emission are: T_{1/2} > 1.4 10^{22} y (90% CL) for Mo-100 and T_{1/2}> 1.2 10^{22} y (90%CL) for Se-82. Corresponding bounds on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant are g < (0.5-0.9) 10^{-4} and < (0.7-1.6) 10^{-4}. Two-neutrino 2b-decay half-lives have been measured with a high accuracy, T_{1/2} Mo-100 = [7.68 +- 0.02(stat) +- 0.54(syst) ] 10^{18} y and T_{1/2} Se-82 = [10.3 +- 0.3(stat) +- 0.7(syst) ] 10^{19} y.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Technical design and performance of the NEMO3 detector

The development of the NEMO3 detector, which is now running in the Frejus Underground Laboratory (L.S.M. Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane), was begun more than ten years ago. The NEMO3 detector uses a tracking-calorimeter technique in order to investigate double beta decay processes for several isotopes. The technical description of the detector is followed by the presentation of its performance.Comment: Preprint submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods A Corresponding author: Corinne Augier ([email protected]

Study of 2 beta-decay of Mo-100 and Se-82 using the NEMO3 detector

After analysis of 5797 h of data from the detector NEMO3, new limits on neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100 (T-1/2 > 3.1 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) and Se-82 (T-1/2 > 1.4 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) have been obtained. The corresponding limits on the effective majorana neutrino mass are: 1.4 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for Mo-100 and T-1/2 > 1.2 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for Se-82. Corresponding bounds on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant are < (0.5-0.9) x 10(- 4) and <(0.7-1.6) x 10(- 4). Two-neutrino 2beta-decay half-lives have been measured with a high accuracy, (T1/2Mo)-Mo-100 = [7.68 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.54(syst)] x 10(18) y and (T1/2Se)-Se-82 = [10.3 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.7(syst)] x 10(19) y. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Just For Men: The Representation of Masculinities in Grooming Product Advertising

The purpose of this study is to analyze advertisements for grooming products in order to uncover what these texts communicate about contemporary men and masculinity. To support the present research, a theoretical framework consisting of three sections is provided. First, the concepts of ideology, representation and communication are discussed, with regards to how they operate in advertising. Second, critical social and cultural research on theorizing the body is integrated. Third, theories on the social construction of gender and shifting conceptions of masculinity are outlined and evaluated. Next, a literature review gives insight to how men, masculinity and male bodies are represented in magazine advertising. The examination of this research makes clear the timely relevance of exploring grooming product ads specifically. Cosmetics, once reserved to beautify the bodies of women, are now being aggressively aimed at men. This begs the question of whether this shift in marketing denotes a break with certain normative gendered representations within the mass media. Through conducting a thematic discourse analysis on a sample of advertisements from 2011 to 2013, I argue that advertising for male grooming products are coded as necessarily gendered and inherently ‘manly’. While the act of grooming one’s body has been historically associated with femininity, advertisers often draw upon traditionally masculine conventions, ideals and stereotypes. However, masculinities are also constructed as heterogeneous and pluralized; as a fragment of the male identity that varies across ages, classes and ethnicities

Digital Dads: The Culture of Fatherhood 2.0

This dissertation examines a community of men who write online parenting blogs—known as “dad bloggers.” The emergence of dad bloggers in North America is nascent, under-researched, and a result of recent shifts in work-family arrangements, gender expectations, and the proliferation of social media technologies. Accordingly, this dissertation is designed to provide three distinct, yet interrelated, contributions to the literature on: families and parenthood; gender and masculinities; and media communications and communities. Taking a cyber-ethnographic approach, this is the first study of dad bloggers to collect online and offline data in order to investigate personal, interpersonal, and public meaning-making practices. The entire dataset consists of 1,430 blog posts written by 45 bloggers, approximately 50 hours of fieldwork conducted at The Dad 2.0 Summit conferences from 2016 to 2018, and 5 in-depth interviews. In three substantive chapters, I address: (1) the collective actions and goals that shape dad bloggers’ group culture and public engagement; (2) the creation and dissemination of meanings for fatherhood in an online context; and (3) the negotiation of gendered family roles and articulation of masculinity discourses by fathers. Collectively, this research provides new empirical and theoretical insights about the social construction of fatherhood in the contemporary digital age.DissertationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

Global regime shift dynamics of catastrophic sea urchin overgrazing

A pronounced, widespread and persistent regime shift among marine ecosystems is observable on temperate rocky reefs as a result of sea urchin overgrazing. Here, we empirically define regime-shift dynamics for this grazing system which transitions between productive macroalgal beds and impoverished urchin barrens. Catastrophic in nature, urchin overgrazing in a well-studied Australian system demonstrates a discontinuous regime shift, which is of particular management concern as recovery of desirable macroalgal beds requires reducing grazers to well below the initial threshold of overgrazing. Generality of this regime-shift dynamic is explored across 13 rocky reef systems (spanning 11 different regions from both hemispheres) by compiling available survey data (totalling 10 901 quadrats surveyed in situ) plus experimental regime-shift responses (observed during a total of 57 in situ manipulations). The emergent and globally coherent pattern shows urchin grazing to cause a discontinuous ‘catastrophic’ regime shift, with hysteresis effect of approximately one order of magnitude in urchin biomass between critical thresholds of overgrazing and recovery. Different life-history traits appear to create asymmetry in the pace of overgrazing versus recovery. Once shifted, strong feedback mechanisms provide resilience for each alternative state thus defining the catastrophic nature of this regime shift. Importantly, human-derived stressors can act to erode resilience of desirable macroalgal beds while strengthening resilience of urchin barrens, thus exacerbating the risk, spatial extent and irreversibility of an unwanted regime shift for marine ecosystems.Peer reviewe