Glaubwürdigkeitsverlust durch programmintegrierte Werbung?: Eine Untersuchung zu den Kontexteffekten von Produktplatzierungen im Fernsehen

Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob sich Produktplatzierungen (Product Placements) in einer informierenden TV-Sendung auf die Glaubwürdigkeit und die globale Bewertung des redaktionellen Programms auswirken. Hierzu wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt, in denen die Häufigkeit von Produktplatzierungen im TV-Beitrag variierte. Es wurde erhoben, inwiefern die Rezipienten die Placements als Persuasionsversuch erkannten und sich dadurch gestört fühlten. Daneben mussten die Rezipienten angeben, wie sie den Gesamtbeitrag bewerten, wie sie seine Glaubwürdigkeit einschätzen und wie sehr sie in den Beitrag involviert sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Rezipienten mit steigender Anzahl der Product Placements der persuasiven Absicht dieser Werbeform bewusst werden. Allerdings stören sie sich nicht am Beeinflussungsversuch, solange das Involvement in den Beitrag groß genug ist. Auf die Glaubwürdigkeit bzw. die Bewertung des Beitrags hat die zunehmende Placementhäufigkeit keinen Einfluss. Somit kann die aktuelle Diskussion um die Gefährdung des Programminhalts durch neue Werbeformen entschärft werde

Affective Priming in Political Campaigns: How Campaign-Induced Emotions Prime Political Opinions

Campaign priming is generally assumed to function through the activation of memory content. By focusing on specific issues or issue aspects, campaigns render corresponding cognitive concepts more accessible and hence influence which concepts are likely to be used in subsequent evaluation processes. Thus, priming is mainly understood as a cognitive process. In the present study we investigate the impact of campaign-induced emotions on opinion formation. We argue that emotions may activate cognitive content which may in turn influence political judgments. Our analyses support the hypothesis that political campaigns may influence public opinion not only through cognitive priming but also through affective primin

The communicational dimension of democratic accountability in metropolitan governance: Media reporting and perceived legitimacy in four European cities

As cities grow and expand, complex network governance (advocated by the so-called ‘new regionalism’) is increasingly important for policy-making in metropolitan areas. These arrangements have often been criticised as a threat to legitimacy, as they involve a wide array of policy-actors and blurrs and dilute electoral accountability. This paper focuses on the communicational dimension of democratic accountability in metropolitan governance, by exploring the role of the media. We use data from a standardized content analysis of newspaper coverage on metropolitan policy-making in four European mega- and metacities (Paris, London, Berlin and Zurich) and examine their relationship to legitimacy perceptions at the individual level on the basis of survey data. We find that institutional differences in metropolitan governance are quite adequately reflected in media reports. The results also show that media content indeed is correlated with citizen perceptions of legitimacy, i.e. trust in government as well as satisfaction with democracy. We therefore interpret the media as an additional - communicational – channel of democratic accountability in metropolitan governance

Therapieprozesse und Wirkmechanismen psychologischer Schmerztherapie

Das übergeordnete Ziel dieses Dissertationsprojektes war es Therapieprozesse und Wirkmechanismen von Expositionstherapie bzw. kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie zur Behandlung chronischer Rückenschmerzen zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen einer randomisiert kontrollierten Therapiestudie mit hochängstlichen chronischen Rückenschmerzpatientinnen und Rückenschmerzpatienten (n=61) wurden therapiespezifische und gemeinsame Therapieprozesse auf Grundlage wöchentlicher Prozessmessungen untersucht. Hierbei wurden Veränderungen in Angstvermeidungsüberzeugungen als gemeinsamer Therapieprozess identifiziert. Weiterhin beeinflussten Entspannung, Ablenkung, Konfrontation, Aktivitätsniveau und Selbstwirksamkeit sowohl den Therapieerfolg der Expositionstherapie als auch der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Im Rahmen einer anschließenden Einzelfallstudie mit hochängstlichen chronischen Rücken-schmerzpatientinnen und Rückenschmerzpatienten (n=12) wurden einzelne Therapieelemente auf Grundlage täglicher Prozessmessungen evaluiert. Zudem wurden Effekte auf biologische Stressmarker exploriert. Während individuelle Expositionserfahrungen eine Reihe von unmittelbaren Veränderungsprozessen bewirkten, führte die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie eher zu zeitverzögerten Veränderungsprozessen. Weiterhin zeigten sich in der Expositionsgruppe vergleichsweise niedrigere Kortisolwerte während eines Verhaltenstests unmittelbar nach Therapieende. Die Erforschung von Therapieeffekten auf biologische Stressmarker scheint also ein vielversprechender Untersuchungsgegenstand für zukünftige Forschung. Im Rahmen eines Experiments mit gesunden Studentinnen (n=112) wurden zwei therapeutische Instruktionen während der Durchführung von Expositionen evaluiert. Diese Instruktionen beruhten auf konkurrierenden Theorien über zugrundeliegende Wirkmechanismen. Die Annahmen des Habituationsmodells und des Inhibitionsmodells wurden einander gegenübergestellt. Beide Instruktionen verbesserten die kognitive Schmerzbewältigung. Allerdings verbesserte nur die Instruktion gemäß des Inhibitionsmodells die Schmerztoleranz. Zudem führte nur die Instruktion gemäß des Inhibitionsmodells zu einem spezifischen psychophysiologischen Aktivierungsmuster, welches sich besser durch Annahmen des Inhibitionsmodells als durch Annahmen des Habituationsmodells erklären lässt. Insgesamt trägt die vorliegende Arbeit unter Einsatz unterschiedlicher Forschungsmethoden zu einem besseren Verständnis von Therapieprozessen und Wirkmechanismen psychologischer Schmerztherapie bei. Gleichzeitig wurden isolierte Therapieelemente sowie therapeutische Instruktionen evaluiert. Methodische Überlegungen bei der Auswahl der jeweiligen Forschungsdesigns werden im Hinblick auf zukünftige Psychotherapieforschung diskutiert

Challenges of comparative research on hate speech in media user comments: Comparing countries, platforms, and target groups

Hate speech is a phenomenon studied in numerous disciplines by many researchers. This research has produced a variety of findings, e.g., with regard to the prevalence of hate, common targets or differences between platforms or countries. However, previous research also comes with conceptual and methodological challenges, e.g., definitions or operationalizations of hate speech in empirical studies. The present chapter focuses on the issue of equivalence in previous hate speech research - a well-known problem of comparative research in general. To compare research findings relating to hate speech across different contexts scholars need to consider the equivalence with respect to definitions, methods, measurements, procedures, and also the sampling communication content. We provide an overview about potential pitfalls and biases that can be due to a lack of equivalence and point to strategies on how to address them

Passionate Hiking Fan or Loving Parent? How Personalized Self-Presentation in the Media Affects the Perception of Female and Male Politicians

Even though studies have intensively investigated personalization in the media, little is known about the effects of personal information on the perception of politicians (privatization). Especially if politicians share information about their private life, gender might play an important role. To test this assumption, we conducted two experiments (2 × 3 between-subjects design, Nstudy1 = 472; Nstudy2 = 739) varying gender of a politician (male/female) and the disclosure of personal information (no information/hobby/family) in a fictitious news interview. Results show that gender can play a crucial role depending on the form of privatization. While we see no significant changes in the politician’s perception when they are mentioning their hobby, we find that, for a male politician, sharing information about family life in a traditional manner leads to a decline in trust and reduces perceptions of warmth. For a female politician, the different kinds of self-presentation do not affect image perception and voting outcomes

Aspectos tecnológicos da cadeia produtiva do morangueiro no município de Ibirubá - RS

O presente trabalho constituiu-se numa pesquisa sobre as características da cadeia produtiva do morangueiro tendo por objetivo realizar um estudo sobre os aspectos tecnológicos que envolvem o sistema de produção dessa cultura no município de Ibirubá- RS. O sistema de produção do morangueiro é uma atividade encontrada em várias pequenas propriedades rurais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a qual é uma fonte de renda de grande importância para muitos agricultores familiares. O morango é um fruto com diversos interesses econômicos, dos quais pode ser consumido in natura ou na forma processada, seja em forma de polpa congelada, geleia ou até mesmo como matéria prima para o segmento de confeitaria de doces em geral. A produção de morangos na região sul do Brasil tem crescido, e nos últimos anos estão sendo incorporadas tecnologias que favoreçam a produção de frutos de melhor qualidade e com possibilidades de atender demandas regionais na chamada entressafra. Atualmente o uso de tecnologias de cultivo fora do solo, através do cultivo em slabs, em sistema semi-hidropônico tem sido o principal formato tecnológico de produção. A metodologia adotada foi realizada a partir de um banco de dados disponibilizado e materiais de consulta entre eles arquivos digitais e material impresso, pelas instituições Coopeagri- Cooperativa de Pequenos Agropecuaristas de Ibirubá Ltda. e Emater - Ibirubá, referentes aos aspectos tecnológicos da cadeia produtiva do morangueiro e visitas às propriedades rurais que se dedicavam a produção de morangueiro no município e região. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma predominância na adoção da tecnologia do sistema de cultivo fora do solo na produtividade de morangueiro, com uma produção de frutos considerada satisfatória. Houve um crescimento no número de produtores nos últimos que se dedicam à produção de morangueiro, seja para subsistência ou atender o mercado consumidor local. Identificou-se como os principais agentes participantes da cadeia produtiva do morangueiro a cooperativa Coopeagri, Emater, empresas fornecedoras de insumos, produtores e consumidores locais. Conclui-se que no município de Ibirubá há uma cadeia produtiva do morangueiro parcialmente estruturada principalmente fomentada pelas iniciativas de empresas e instituições que atuam na região.The present work was based on a research on the characteristics of the strawberry production chain with the objective of conducting a study on the technological aspects that involve the production system of this crop in the municipality of Ibirubá-RS. The strawberry production system is an activity found in several small rural properties in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is a source of income of great importance for many family farmers. Strawberry is a fruit with several economic interests, of which it can be consumed in natura or in processed form, either in the form of frozen pulp, jam or even as raw material for the confectionery segment of sweets in general. Strawberry production in southern Brazil has grown, and in recent years technologies are being incorporated that favor the production of better quality fruits and with possibilities to meet regional demands in the call between harvest. Currently the use of off-ground cultivation technologies, through cultivation in slabs, in a semi-hydroponic system has been the main technological format of production. The methodology adopted was based on a database made available and consultation materials between them digital archives and printed material, by the institutions Coopeagri- Cooperativa de Pequenos Agropecuaristas de Ibirubá Ltda. and Emater - Ibirubá, referring to the technological aspects of the strawberry production chain and visits to rural properties dedicated to strawberry production in the municipality and region. The results showed a predominance in the adoption of the technology of the out-of-ground cultivation system in strawberry production, with a fruit production considered satisfactory. There has been an increase in the number of producers in recent years who are dedicated to strawberry production, either for subsistence or to serve the local consumer market. The cooperative Coopeagri, Emater, companies supplying local products, producers and consumers was identified as the main players in the strawberry production chain. It is concluded that in the municipality of Ibirubá there is a partially structured strawberry production chain mainly fostered by the initiatives of companies and institutions operating in the region

How populist crisis rhetoric affects voters in Switzerland

Right-wing populism has a long tradition in Switzerland. Nevertheless, only little is known about how populist messages in the media contribute to the success of the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) and to the acceptance of the party’s anti-immigration policies. In this study, we combine data from a large media content analysis (including newspapers and TV news shows) with data from a panel-survey in order to address this research gap. Thereby we differentiate between effects driven by the content and the form of right-wing populist communication. While right-wing populist content depicts immigrants and the political elite as a threat to the Swiss people, populist style evokes the sense of a crisis by emotionalizing and dramatizing the message. Populist style is therefore assumed to increase the persuasiveness of populist claims. The results of this study suggest that this is the case only for some voters, while it backfires for others