El orden de aparición de los personajes en los prólogos Aristofánicos y su función argumentativa

Las comedias de Aristófanes del periodo cleoniano, que se centran en polémicas políticas, emplean una misma técnica de apertura: el primer personaje protagónico que sale a escena en el prólogo representa la posición política defendida en la pieza y actúa como su principal portavoz. La prioridad en el orden de aparición genera en el público una empatía por los personajes que inauguran la obra porque estos acceden a un contacto inicial, cómplice, con el público y pueden asentar su postura antes que los antagonistas, que siempre ocupan la escena con posterioridad. Además, gracias al carácter convencional del recurso, el espectador ya podría anticipar con seguridad, desde la apertura misma de la pieza, cuál sería la postura defendida en la obra. Este recurso contribuye, por lo tanto, a limitar las ambigüedades propias de toda ficción literaria, favorece la estrategia persuasiva de la pieza y genera efectos argumentativos sobre los espectadores.The Aristophanes’ comedies of Cleonian period, that focus on political polemics, used the same technique of opening: the first leading character who comes to scene in the prologue represents the political position advocated by the piece and acts as its principal spokesperson. The priority in the order of their appearance generates an empathy in the public for the characters that open the piece because they access to an initial contact, to a complicity, with the public and can settle its position before the antagonists, which always occupy the scene later. Moreover, thanks to the conventional nature of the resource, the pu- blic could already anticipate with security, since the opening of the piece, which would be the position defended in the work. This resource helps, therefore, to limit the ambiguities of any literary fiction, it favors the persuasive strategy of the play and generates argumentative effects on the spectators.Fil: Schere, María Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

The addressees of the political discourse in Aristophanes’ knights

La comedia Caballeros se divide en tres grandes escenas agonales. Cada una de ellas tiene un destinatario político privilegiado. El trabajo analiza el carácter y la organización estratégica de estos tres tipos de destinatarios en la obra, siguiendo la concepción del semiólogo Verón (1987). El primer agón se dirige a un público afín al enunciador-autor, que comparte con este la postura anticleoniana; en cambio, el segundo y el tercer agón adoptan como destinatario central a los seguidores del líder político Cleón: los consejeros, en un caso, y el dêmos de la asamblea ciudadana, en otro. La primera escena agonal asume el propósito limitado de reforzar el rechazo de los detractores del líder; las últimas, por el contrario, tienen el objetivo más ambicioso de quebrar la alianza existente entre Cleón y sus partidarios. En este sentido, el orden de los agônes responde a la finalidad estratégica de captar primero la adhesión del público afín y luego avanzar hacia sectores más reticentes.Knights is divided into three large agonal scenes. Each of them has a privileged political addressee. This paper analyzes the nature and the strategic organization of these three types of addressees in the play, following the analysis of the semiologist Verón (1987). The first agón is directed to a public akin to the enunciator-author, who shares with him the posture against Cleon; in contrast, the second and the third agônes adopt as central addressees the partisans of the political leader: the members of de Council, in one case, and the dêmos of the assembly, in the other. The first agonal scene has the limited purpose of strengthening the rejection of the detractors of the leader; the latter two, on the contrary, have the more ambitious goal of breaking the existing alliance between Cleon and his supporters. In this sense, the order of the agônes responds to the strategic objective of capturing first the adhesion of the public which has common interests; and then advancing to the reluctant public.Fil: Schere, María Jimena. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF/NMM and WRF/ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations for PM_2.5 and its related precursors during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS study

This study presents a comparative evaluation of the impact of WRF-NMM and WRF-ARW meteorology on CMAQ simulations of PM_2.5, its composition and related precursors over the eastern United States with the intensive observations obtained by aircraft (NOAA WP-3), ship and surface monitoring networks (AIRNow, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS study. The results at the AIRNow surface sites show that both ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ reproduced day-to-day variations of observed PM_2.5 and captured the majority of observed PM_2.5 within a factor of 2 with a NMB value of −0.4% for ARW-CMAQ and −18% for NMM-CMAQ. Both models performed much better at the urban sites than at the rural sites, with greater underpredictions at the rural sites. Both models consistently underestimated the observed PM_2.5 at the rural IMPROVE sites by −1% for the ARW-CMAQ and −19% for the NMM-CMAQ. The greater underestimations of SO₄²⁻, OC and EC by the NMM-CMAQ contributed to increased underestimation of PM_2.5 at the IMPROVE sites. The NMB values for PM_2.5 at the STN urban sites are 15% and −16% for the ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ, respectively. The underestimation of PM_2.5 at the STN sites by the NMM-CMAQ mainly results from the underestimations of the SO₄²⁻, NH₄⁺ and TCM components, whereas the overestimation of PM_2.5 at the STN sites by the ARW-CMAQ results from the overestimations of SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺. The Comparison with WP-3 aircraft measurements reveals that both ARW-CMAQ and NMM-CMAQ have very similar model performance for vertical profiles for PM_2.5 chemical components (SO₄²⁻, NH₄⁺) and related gaseous species (HNO₃, SO₂, NH₃, isoprene, toluene, terpenes) as both models used the same chemical mechanisms and emissions. The results of ship along the coast of southeastern Texas over the Gulf of Mexico show that both models captured the temporal variations and broad synoptic change seen in the observed HCHO and acetaldehyde with the means NMB <30% most of the time but they consistently underestimated terpenes, isoprene, toluene and SO₂

Prototype on FreeRTOS and RISC-V of the application software of the EPD ICU onboard Solar Orbiter

Solar Orbiter es un ambicioso proyecto desarrollado por la Agencia Espacial Europea que tiene como objetivo investigar más cercanamente nuestro sol. La ICU de su instrumento EPD corre su software de aplicación en RTEMS, el cual se ha demostrado que es confiable. Sin embargo, podemos tratar de mejorarlo desarrollando un puerto en FreeRTOS, el cual es más popular y puede proporcionar más escalabilidad. Este software correrá en una novedosa arquitectura llamada RISC-V. Para lograr esto, construiremos un prototipo y lo probaremos en la placa RV32M1-VEGA desarrollada por OpenISA.Solar Orbiter is an ambitious project developed by the European Space Agency which aims to investigate our sun more closely. Its Energetic Particle Detector ICU runs its application software with RTEMS, which is proven to be reliable. However, we aim to potentially improve it by building a port in FreeRTOS, which is a more popular and scalable RTOS and testing this software in a modern hardware architecture called RISC-V which is lightweight and fast. To do this, we will build a prototype and test it in the RV32M1-VEGA board developed by OpenISA.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Paper Session I-C - The International Threat to U.S. Commercial Launch Services

The U.S. commercial launch industry is just getting underway with its initial launches. A fair backlog of future launches has been developed. In head-to-head competition with Ariane, U.S. companies have been winning a fair ©hare of the contracts. However, it appears that this industry is in danger of becoming a convenient instrument of foreign policy in dealing with the non-market economy countries, China and USSR. In early 1989, the U.S. signed an agreement with the People\u27s Republic of China to allow export of a limited number of U.S. satellites for launch on the Long March vehicle. Thus far, the Chinese have given little indication of following the terms of the trade agreement in the pricing of their bids. The Soviet Union is busy marketing their launches world-wide at much lower prices than equivalent European or U.S. launch services. It is one of the few Soviet high tech products of interest to other countries. U.S. policy prohibits export of our satellites to the Soviet Union but will allow use of Soviet launches from one other site agreed to by both countries. If the U.S. industry cannot compete against China and the USSR and were to fold, U.S. commercial satellites would be completely dependent upon foreign means of transportation. Predatory prices of satellites would surely follow and the U.S. commercial satellite industry could also be forced out of business. The U.S. and the European Space Agency are conducting a series of negotiations to establish rules of the road for commercial launches for market economy countries with a plan to require all other countries to adhere to these rules if they are to have access to Western satellites. The latest status of this dilemma\u27s dangers and possible solutions are presented

Trace gas/aerosol boundary concentrations and their impacts on continental-scale AQMEII modeling domains

Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Over twenty modeling groups are participating in the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) in which a variety of mesoscale photochemical and aerosol air quality modeling systems are being applied to continental-scale domains in North America and Europe for 2006 full-year simulations for model inter-comparisons and evaluations. To better understand the reasons for differences in model results among these participating groups, each group was asked to use the same source of emissions and boundary concentration data for their simulations. This paper describes the development and application of the boundary concentration data for this AQMEII modeling exercise. The European project known as GEMS (Global and regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data) has produced global-scale re-analyses of air quality for several years, including 2006 (http://gems.ecmwf.int). The GEMS trace gas and aerosol data were made available at 3-hourly intervals on a regular latitude/longitude grid of approximately 1.9° resolution within 2 "cut-outs" from the global model domain. One cut-out was centered over North America and the other over Europe, covering sufficient spatial domain for each modeling group to extract the necessary time- and space-varying (horizontal and vertical) concentrations for their mesoscale model boundaries. Examples of the impact of these boundary concentrations on the AQMEII continental simulations are presented to quantify the sensitivity of the simulations to boundary concentrations. In addition, some participating groups were not able to use the GEMS data and instead relied upon other sources for their boundary concentration specifications. These are noted, and the contrasting impacts of other data sources for boundary data are presented. How one specifies four-dimensional boundary concentrations for mesoscale air quality simulations can have a profound impact on the model results, and hence, this aspect of data preparation must be performed with considerable care.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

La representación de la ira en los personajes ancianos de la comedia de Menandro

The work intends to analyze the representation of anger in Menandro's comedy and, in particular, the operation of ‘typification’ of anger in his work, which is linked to the construction of type-characters. We adopt as a theoretical framework some guidelines of the Aristotelian conception of the passions and of social constructivism. In this framework, we maintain that anger in Menander's comedy is traversed by determinations of age, gender and free or slave condition and is presented, above all, as a dominant negative trait of the elderly male citizen and head of the home.El trabajo se propone analizar la representación de la ira en la comedia de Menandro y, en particular, la operación de ‘tipificación’ de la cólera en su obra, que se vincula con la construcción de personajes-tipo. Adoptamos como marco teórico algunos lineamientos de la concepción aristotélica de las pasiones y del constructivismo social. En este marco, sostenemos que la ira en la comedia de Menandro se encuentra atravesada por determinaciones de edad, género y condición libre o esclava y se presenta, sobre todo, como un rasgo negativo dominante del ciudadano varón anciano y cabeza del hogar

El par cómico homérico y su proyección sobre el par cómico aristofánico

El trabajo intenta demostrar la existencia de un par cómico homérico, integrado por dos personajes opuestos y antagónicos, el burlador y el burlado, que constituyen el nudo semántico del episodio. El héroe es portavoz del discurso positivo y ocupa el lugar del vencedor y burlador de su oponente. La comedia aristofánica temprana se nutre del esquema homérico, entre otros antecedentes, para construir sus personajes protagonistas: el burlador y el burlado, el vencedor y el vencido, el portavoz del discurso avalado en la pieza y el portavoz del discurso atacado. Si bien Whitman (1964), entre otros, ha destacado los paralelismos entre Odiseo y el héroe aristofánico, no se ha analizado la incidencia del par homérico completo, el burlador y el burlado, sobre el par aristofánico. Nuestro trabajo desplaza el eje de análisis de la figura del héroe hacia el concepto de par cómico. En definitiva, analiza los personajes tópicos homéricos que inciden en la construcción del par aristofánico.This paper tries to demonstrate the existence of a comic couple in the Homeric epic, composed of two opposite and antagonistic characters, the mocker and the mocked, that constitute the semantic focus of the episode. The hero is the spokesman of the positive discourse and takes the place of the winner and the mocker of his opponent. The early Aristophanic comedy utilises the Homeric scheme, among other antecedents, to build their main characters: the mocker and the mocked, the victor and the vanquished, the spokesman of the speech endorsed in the play and the spokesman of the speech attacked. Whitman (1964), among others, emphasises the parallels between Odysseus and the Aristophanic hero; however, the influence of the Homeric couple on the Aristophanic couple has not been analyzed. Our analysis focuses the concept of comic couple instead of the concept of comic hero.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

The discursive composition in Greco-Roman rhetoric and its projections on the models of the writing process

El proceso de escritura se ha convertido desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX hasta la actualidad en un dinámico campo de investigación con diversos modelos en pugna. Este trabajo se propone indagar algunas variaciones y continuidades presentes en la historia de la composición escrita, partiendo de las primeras conceptualizaciones de la retórica clásica, y analizar la dimensión histórico cultural de algunos modelos vigentes. A partir de un rastreo de tratados de retórica grecolatina, entendemos que la retórica clásica elabora por primera vez una concepción intelectual, procesual de la composición discursiva, organizada en fases distintivas, monitoreadas por un sujeto consciente que controla su proceso y sigue normas sistematizables y trasmisibles a través de la enseñanza. Esta visión del método compositivo encuentra continuidad en la historia de la composición, en particular, en algunas teorías contemporáneas como los modelos en etapas y las teorías cognitivas.The writing process has become, from the last decades of the 20th century to the present, a dynamic field of research with various competing models. This work aims to investigate some variations and continuities present in the history of written composition, starting from the first conceptualizations of classical rhetoric, and to analyze the culturalhistorical dimension of some current models. From a study of Greco-Latin rhetoric treatises, we understand that classical rhetoric elaborates for the first time an intellectual, processual conception of discursive composition, organized in distinctive stages, monitored by a conscious subject who controls its process and follows systematisable and transmittable norms through teaching. This view of the compositional method has continuity in the history of composition, particularly in some contemporary theories such as stage models of the writing process and cognitive theories.Fil: Schere, María Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin