Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: I - Stellar kinematics

We use the Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) to map the stellar kinematics of the inner few hundred parsecs of a sample of 16 nearby Seyfert galaxies, at a spatial resolution of tens of parsecs and spectral resolution of 40 km/s. We find that the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity fields for most galaxies are well reproduced by rotating disk models. The kinematic position angle (PA) derived for the LOS velocity field is consistent with the large scale photometric PA. The residual velocities are correlated with the hard X-ray luminosity, suggesting that more luminous AGN have a larger impact in the surrounding stellar dynamics. The central velocity dispersion values are usually higher than the rotation velocity amplitude, what we attribute to the strong contribution of bulge kinematics in these inner regions. For 50% of the galaxies, we find an inverse correlation between the velocities and the $h_3$ Gauss-Hermitte moment, implying red wings in the blueshifted side and blue wings in the redshifted side of the velocity field, attributed to the movement of the bulge stars lagging the rotation. Two of the 16 galaxies (NGC 5899 and Mrk 1066) show an S-shape zero velocity line, attributed to the gravitational potential of a nuclear bar. Velocity dispersion maps show rings of low-$\sigma$ values (50-80 km/s) for 4 objects and "patches" of low-sigma for 6 galaxies at 150-250 pc from the nucleus, attributed to young/ intermediate age stellar populations.Comment: To be published in MNRA

Voluntourism and the Contract Collective

Critiques of the voluntourism industry focus on power imbalances, colonial legacies, and white privilege. Drawing on the literatures of development and voluntourism to find points of comparison, we argue that the voluntourism industry reflects myriad de-velopment problems, such as structural challenges, the fungibility of aid, corruption, representation, worker narratives, and temporality. We assert that many of the prob-lems inherent in voluntourism could be remedied by the evolution of a contract norm between volunteers and their local partners, where reciprocity and transparency might practically serve as a corrective to voluntourism's most entrenched problems

European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus (ESIT): A global research training initiative

The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research (ESIT) is an EU-funded doctoral training network. ESIT is a consortium of 12 universities, over 30 commercial and not‐for‐profit organizations, and 15 PhD students providing cutting-edge education across 10 European countries to develop highly knowledgeable and innovative experts in the field of tinnitus research. The ESIT consortium is composed of multidisciplinary researchers and academics engaged in supervising culturally diverse students from nine countries. Over the span of 4 years, ESIT students demonstrated transformational growth in academic and personal spheres and overcame multiple challenges. This case study documents the meaningful partnerships developed between students and the ESIT support network and some of the challenges faced by ESIT in training 15 international students during a global pandemic. It documents the co-creation of knowledge achieved by those engaged in a global shared learning journey and the conflicts and cultural dimensions that they navigated

CULTURA DA SOJA EM INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA E INOCULAÇÃO DE Azospirillum brasilense

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the winter, the black oat and ryegrass pasture was managed with sheep under different grazing systems: (I) – a conventional grazing (CG) system, where the animals remained in the pasture throughout the experimental period without any pasture height control; (II, III, and IV) – systems with post-grazing pasture heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively; and (NG) – one control without grazing. All treatments received two nitrogen doses (50 and 100 kg ha-1) and inoculation or no inoculation (A. brasilense). The soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR was sown using no-tillage on 16 November 2012 and 1 December 2013. In each plot, seven rows of plants with spacing of 0.45 m were used, and in four rows, the seeds were inoculated with the bacterium A. brasilense. The phytomorphological variables and grain productivity were evaluated. In a crop-livestock system, soybean has better productivity when established on black oat and ryegrass pasture managed with post-grazing pasture heights of between 20 and 30 cm. Areas under conventional grazing in the winter led to smaller soybean plants with lower first and last pod heights. Inoculation with A. brasilense should not be used alone in soybean cultivation.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os parâmetros fitomorfológicos da cultura da soja em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária e inoculados com Azospirillum brasilense. O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria, em dois agrícolas (2012/2013 e 2013/2014), num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. No período de inverno a pastagem de aveia preta e azevém foi manejada com ovinos em diferentes sistemas de pastejo: (I) - pastejo convencional (PC), onde os animais permaneciam na pastagem por todo o período experimental sem um controle da altura da pastagem, (II,III e IV) - altura da pastagem na saída dos animais de 10, 20 e 30 cm e uma testemunha sem pastejo (SP), três doses de nitrogênio (0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1) e com ou sem inoculação (Azospirillum brasilense). A semeadura da soja foi realizada em semeadura direta em 16 de novembro de 2012 e 01 de dezembro de 2013, utilizando-se a cultivar BMX Potência RR. Em cada parcela, se utilizou sete fileiras de plantas com espaçamento de 0,45 m, sendo que em quatro fileiras as sementes foram inoculadas com a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense. Foram avaliadas variáveis fitomorfológicas e a produtividade de grãos. Em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária a cultura da soja possui melhores produtividades quando estabelecida sobre pastagem de aveia preta e azevém manejadas com alturas de pastejo entre 20 e 30 cm. As áreas sob pastejo convencional no inverno proporcionam plantas de soja menores, com menores inserções de primeira e última vagem. A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense não deve ser usada isoladamente na cultura da soja

Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback in nearbyActive Galaxies - III. Ionized versus warm molecular gasmasses and distributions

We have used the Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) in the J and K bands to map the distribution, excitation and kinematics of the ionized HII and warm molecular gas H$_2$, in the inner few 100 pc of 6 nearby active galaxies: NGC 788, Mrk 607, NGC 3227, NGC 3516, NGC 5506, NGC 5899. {For most galaxies, this is the first time that such maps have been obtained}. The ionized and H$_2$ gas show distinct kinematics: while the H$_2$ gas is mostly rotating in the galaxy plane with low velocity dispersion ($\sigma$), the ionized gas usually shows signatures of outflows associated with higher $\sigma$ values, most clearly seen in the [FeII] emission line. These two gas species also present distinct flux distributions: the H$_2$ is more uniformly spread over the whole galaxy plane, while the ionized gas is more concentrated around the nucleus and/or collimated along the ionization axis of its Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), presenting a steeper gradient in the average surface mass density profile than the H$_2$ gas. The total HII masses cover the range $2\times10^5-2\times10^7$ M$_{\odot}$, with surface mass densities in the range 3-150 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$, while for the warm H$_2$ the values are 10$^{3-4}$ times lower. We estimate that the available gas reservoir is at least $\approx$ 100 times more massive than needed to power the AGN. If this gas form new stars the star-formation rates, obtained from the Kennicutt-schmidt scalling relation, are in the range 1-260$\times$ 10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. But the gas will also - at least in part - be ejected in the form of the observed otflows

The AGNIFS survey: spatially resolved observations of hot molecular and ionized outflows in nearby active galaxies

\ua9 2023 The Author(s). We present the hot molecular and warm ionized gas kinematics for 33 nearby (0.001 ≲ z ≲ 0.056) X-ray selected active galaxies using the H2 2.1218 μm and Br γ emission lines observed in the K band with the Gemini near-infrared integral field spectrograph. The observations cover the inner 0.04–2 kpc of each active galactic nucleus at spatial resolutions of 4–250 pc with a velocity resolution of σinst ≈ 20 km s-1. We find that 31 objects (94 per cent) present a kinematically disturbed region (KDR) seen in ionized gas, while such regions are observed in hot molecular gas for 25 galaxies (76 per cent). We interpret the KDR as being due to outflows with masses of 102–107 and 100–104 M☉ for the ionized and hot molecular gas, respectively. The ranges of mass-outflow rates (M\ub7out) and kinetic power (ĖK) of the outflows are 10-3–101 M☉ yr-1 and ∼1037–1043 erg s-1 for the ionized gas outflows, and 10-5–10-2 M☉ yr-1 and 1035–1039 erg s-1 for the hot molecular gas outflows. The median coupling efficiency in our sample is ĖK/Lbol ≈ 1.8 7 10-3 and the estimated momentum fluxes of the outflows suggest they are produced by radiation-pressure in low-density environment, with possible contribution from shocks