Fysisk aktivitet för cancerpatienter

Bakgrund: Personer som lever med cancer upplever fysiska och psykiska symtom och biverkningar som påverkar både den fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsan negativt. Att pendla mellan lidande och uthärdande är något som patienten går igenom. Den sjuka kroppen upplevs som ett hinder och patienten upplever sig även som orkeslös och har ingen kraft att genomföra de dagliga livets aktiviteter. De tidigare direktiven för cancerpatienter har varit att vila medan fysisk aktivitet får allt större betydelse inom cancervården eftersom många studier har visat att ökad fysiskt aktivitet i olika former har positiva effekter på hälsan. Syftet med studien är att belysa vilka möjligheter fysisk aktivitet kan ge patienten som lever med cancer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ och kvantitativ art med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två övergripande teman som innefattar möjlighet till att förbättra sin hälsa - fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt och möjlighet till att inse sina hinder och resurser samt två underteman, att möta utmaningar genom fysisk aktivitet och fysisk aktivitet - en nyckel till att leva som vanligt. Slutsatser: Sjukskötaren kan genom att informera, motivera och inspirera ge patienten möjligheter att uppnå en förbättrad hälsa - fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Denna studie kan användas för att öppna upp ögonen för sjukskötaren om hur fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra hälsan och få patienten att se vikten av träning som rehabilitering före, under och efter behandling.Background: People living with cancer experience both physical and mental symptoms and side effects that affect both physical, mental and social health negatively. Switching between suffering and endurance is something that the patient lives with. The diseased body is perceived as an obstacle, and the patient experiences herself as powerless and has no power to carry out the activities of daily life. The previous directives for cancer patients have been to rest while physical activity is becoming increasingly important in cancer care today since many studies have shown that increased physical activity in various forms has a positive effect on health. The purpose of the study is to highlight the possibilities physical activity can provide to the patient living with cancer. Method: A systematic literature study of qualitative and quantitative nature with both qualitative and quantitative articles. Results: The results revealed two overall themes that include the ability to improve health, physically, psychologically and socially and the ability to realize obstacles and resources the latter including two sub-themes to face challenges through physical activity and physical activity - a key to living as usual. Conclusions: By informing, motivating and inspiring, the nurse can provide the patient with the opportunity to achieve improved health - physically, psychologically and socially. This study can be used to open up the eyes of the nurse on how physical activity can improve health and make the patient see the importance of training as rehabilitation before, during and after treatment

Erityistä tukea tarvitsevan oppilaan toimintakyvyn arviointi ICF-ydinlistan avulla : ICF-toimintakykyprofiilin toimivuus erityiskoulussa

ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health) on kansainvälinen toimintakyvyn, toimintarajoitteiden ja terveyden luokitus, jonka avulla pystytään kuvaamaan sairauden tai vamman vaikutuksia yksilön elämässä. Vuoden 2016 alusta Kelan vaikeavammainen kuntoutus muuttui vaativaksi lääkinnälliseksi kuntoutukseksi. Uudistus vaatii kuntoutuksen viitekehyksenä käytettävän ICF-luokitusta. Näillä muutoksilla pyritään saamaan yksilön toimintakyvyn arvioiminen kokonaisuuden tarkasteluksi ja samalla tuetaan kuntoutuksen ammattilaisten välistä yhteistyötä. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia, soveltuuko 6-13-vuotiaiden CP-vammaisten lasten ja nuorten ICF-pohjainen ydinlista Katariinan koulun käyttöön. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisena tutkimuksen kohteena olevan luokan opettaja kokee ICF-pohjaisen toimintakykyprofiilin koulussa jo käytössä olevan Henkilökohtainen opetuksen järjestämistä koskeva suunnitelman rinnalla (HOJKS), ja miten toimintakykyprofiili vaikuttaa oppilaan koulunkäyntiin ja oppimiseen liittyvässä tavoitteiden asettelussa. Opinnäytetyön tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin havainnointia ja teemahaastattelua, joiden perusteella saatujen tietojen mukaan ICF-pohjainen ydinlista ei soveltuisi oppilaan toimintakyvyn arvioimiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset eivät kuitenkaan ole yleistettävissä edes koko Katariinan koulussa työn toteutuksessa olevien puutosten sekä erittäin pienen tutkimusjoukon vuoksi.ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health) is an international classification for functioning, disabilities and health which is used to help describe the effects of diseases and injuries in individual’s life. In the beginning of 2016 Kela´s (The Social Insurance institution of Finland) rehabilitation for severely disabled people changed to demanding medical rehabilitation. This reform demands that the ICF-classification is used as a frame of reference in all rehabilitation. With these reforms the pursuit is to evaluate the functioning of an individual as a wholeness and in the same time to support the cooperation between the professionals of rehabilitation. The purpose of this thesis was to research if the ICF core set for 6-13-year old children with Cerebral Palsy would be suitable for Katariina´s School´s use. The purpose was to explore how the teacher, who was the object of the study, experiences the use of functioning profiles, which is an outcome of the core set, alongside with the individual education plan what is in use in the school and how does the functioning profile effect for setting goals on schooling and learning of the student. The research methods of the thesis were observation and theme interview and with the information gathered with these methods we have come to the result that the ICF core set is not suitable for estimating the functioning of the students in Katariiina´s School. However the results of this study are not generalized even in the Katariina´s school itself, because of the deficiencies in the implementation of the thesis and because of a very small target group

Bound-to-bound and bound-to-continuum optical transitions in combined quantum dot - superlattice systems

By combining band gap engineering with the self-organized growth of quantum dots, we present a scheme of adjusting the mid-infrared absorption properties to desired energy transitions in quantum dot based photodetectors. Embedding the self organized InAs quantum dots into an AlAs/GaAs superlattice enables us to tune the optical transition energy by changing the superlattice period as well as by changing the growth conditions of the dots. Using a one band envelope function framework we are able, in a fully three dimensional calculation, to predict the photocurrent spectra of these devices as well as their polarization properties. The calculations further predict a strong impact of the dots on the superlattices minibands. The impact of vertical dot alignment or misalignment on the absorption properties of this dot/superlattice structure is investigated. The observed photocurrent spectra of vertically coupled quantum dot stacks show very good agreement with the calculations.In these experiments, vertically coupled quantum dot stacks show the best performance in the desired photodetector application.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR

VALUE CO-CREATION THROUGH HORIZONTAL COLLABORATION : A Case Study of a Service Partner Network in Manufacturing Industry

Today’s firms operate in complex, networked value systems, where they are connected to other actors over multiple ties. Strategic value nets are intentionally formed business networks. The network actors share common goals and co-create value through collaborative value activities. The way how a strategic value net configures and coordinates its resources, capabilities and value activities is essential for the net’s competitiveness. Moreover, the net’s ability to dynamically restructure its operations and react to change is even more important. The purpose of this study is to provide understanding on how horizontal collaboration creates value in a predominantly vertically structured service value net in manufacturing industry, and thereby contributes to the service value net’s operations. The study identifies practices and motives for horizontal collaboration, and analyses the pre-requisites, enablers, barriers and limitations to horizontal collaboration in the studied context. The research was conducted as an explorative, single case study. The case is a service partner network of a multi-national engineering company, where the global partner network sells and provides product life cycle services to end customers. This study addresses collaboration between service partners. The applied research method was qualitative, and the research approach followed systematic combining. The empirical data was collected in ten semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that a good vertical relationship is a pre-requisite for horizontal collaboration. Horizontal relationships are primarily competitive and characterized by mistrust. The manufacturer has a central role in facilitating horizontal networking and increasing transparency in the network’s operations. Transparency is the key to initiate trust building, balance competitive tensions and create collaborative culture in the network. The research indicates that horizontal collaboration strengthens the value net’s shared identity and clarifies the strategic intent. Horizontal practices co-create value in daily customer service requests by providing short-term support to network members in terms of resources and knowledge, but also enable the network to learn and develop together in the long term. Finally, the study proposes that a cross-dimensional, collaborative foundation helps the network adjust to change. This thesis contributes to previous research on management of strategic value nets and collaboration in B2B service systems. Furthermore, the study provides new insights by addressing a secondary value creation logic in a strategic net

Free Flap Monitoring. Using Tissue Oxygen Measurement and Positron Emission Tomography

Aims:This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of two different methods to determine free flap perfusion in cancer patients undergoing major reconstructive surgery. The hypotheses was that low perfusion in the flap is associated with flap complications. Patients and methods: Between August 2002 and June 2008 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, and at the PET Centre, Turku, 30 consecutive patients with 32 free flaps were included in this study. The perfusion of the free microvascular flaps was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) and radioactive water ([15O] H2O) in 40 radiowater injections in 33 PET studies. Furthermore, 24 free flaps were monitored with a continuous tissue oxygen measurement using flexible polarographic catheters for an average of three postoperative days. Results: Of the 17 patients operated on for head and neck (HN) cancer and reconstructed with 18 free flaps, three re-operations were carried out due to poor tissue oxygenation as indicated by ptiO2 monitoring results and three other patients were reoperated on for postoperative hematomas in the operated area. Blood perfusion assessed with PET (BFPET) was above 2.0 mL / min / 100 g in all flaps and a low flap-to-muscle BFPET ratio appeared to correlate with poor survival of the flap. Survival in this group of HN cancer patients was 9.0 months (median, range 2.4-34.2) after a median follow-up of 11.9 months (range 1.0-61.0 months). Seven HN patients of this group are alive without any sign of recurrence and one patient has died of other causes. All of the 13 breast reconstruction patients included in the study are alive and free of disease at a median follow-up time of 27.4 months (range 13.9-35.7 months). Re-explorations were carried out in three patients due data provided by ptiO2 monitoring and one re-exploration was avoided on the basis of adequate blood perfusion assessed with PET. Two patients had donorsite morbidity and 3 patients had partial flap necrosis or fat necrosis. There were no total flap losses. Conclusions: PtiO2 monitoring is a feasible method of free flap monitoring when flap temperature is monitored and maintained close to the core temperature. When other monitoring methods give controversial results or are unavailable, [15O] H2O PET technique is feasible in the evaluation of the perfusion of the newly reconstructed free flaps.Siirretty Doriast

TARGETING SECONDARY METABOLITES WITH ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITIES FROM NATURAL SOURCES

Plenary talk by Hedda Schrey Vienna, MYK2022 conferenc

Intraband transitions in quantum dot-superlattice heterostructures

8 pages, 10 figuresWe present a scheme of adjusting the mid-infrared absorption properties to desired energy transitions in quantum dot-based photodetectors by combining band gap engineering with the self-organized growth of quantum dots. Embedding the self-organized InAs quantum dots into an AlAs/GaAs superlattice enables us to tune the optical transition energy by changing the superlattice period as well as by changing the growth conditions of the dots. Using a one-band envelope function framework, we are able, in a three-dimensional calculation, to predict the absorption spectra of these devices as well as their polarization properties. These calculations further predict a strong impact of the dots on the superlattice minibands. By comparing aligned, periodic dot stacks with nonperiodic dot arrangements within the superlattice, we can experimentally confirm this prediction

Genetic and morphometric divergence of an invasive bird : the introduced house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Brazil

Introduced species are interesting systems for the study of contemporary evolution in new environments because of their spatial and temporal scales. For this study we had three aims: (i) to determine how genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of introduced populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Brazil varies with range expansion, (ii) to determine how genetic diversity and differentiation in Brazil compares to ancestral European populations; and (iii) to determine whether selection or genetic drift has been more influential on phenotypic divergence. We used six microsatellite markers to genotype six populations from Brazil and four populations from Europe. We found slightly reduced levels of genetic diversity in Brazilian compared to native European populations. However, among introduced populations of Brazil, we found no association between genetic diversity and time since introduction. Moreover, overall genetic differentiation among introduced populations was low indicating that the expansion took place from large populations in which genetic drift effects would likely have been weak. We found significant phenotypic divergence among sites in Brazil. Given the absence of a spatial genetic pattern, divergent selection and not genetic drift seems to be the main force behind most of the phenotypic divergence encountered. Unravelling whether microevolution (e.g., allele frequency change), phenotypic plasticity, or both mediated phenotypic divergence is challenging and will require experimental work (e.g., common garden experiments or breeding programs)

Synthesizing the role of epigenetics in the response and adaptation of species to climate change in freshwater ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems are amongst the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Currently, climate change is one of the most important drivers of freshwater transformation and its effects include changes in the composition, biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Understanding the capacity of freshwater species to tolerate the environmental fluctuations induced by climate change is critical to the development of effective conservation strategies. In the last few years, epigenetic mechanisms were increasingly put forward in this context because of their pivotal role in gene-environment interactions. In addition, the evolutionary role of epigenetically inherited phenotypes is a relatively recent but promising field. Here, we examine and synthesize the impacts of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, exploring the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in both short- and long-term adaptation of species. Following this wrapping-up of current evidence, we particularly focused on bringing together the most promising future research avenues towards a better understanding of the effects of climate change on freshwater biodiversity, specifically highlighting potential molecular targets and the most suitable freshwater species for future epigenetic studies in this context