La mixité conjugale à Tahiti. Au-delà d’une simple affaire de famille

Cet article porte sur l’articulation entre deux « échelles » de la société tahitienne : les discours et les choix des conjoints en couple « interethnique » à l’échelle interindividuelle, et les systèmes de pouvoir qui se manifestent dans des tendances conjugales à grande échelle. Tahiti étant marqué par des différenciations ethniques et une histoire coloniale, le cadre théorique s’appuie sur le champ théorique de « l’intersectionnalité », se focalisant sur trois systèmes de pouvoir : le genre, l’ethnicité, le statut socioéconomique. Les acteurs sociaux sont considérés comme des reflets et des agents de ces systèmes de pouvoir imbriqués. La méthodologie se constitue en deux volets, quantitatif et qualitatif, dans l’objectif d’analyser les mécanismes sociaux dans leur globalité, en s’appuyant sur leurs manifestations à des échelles sociales différentes. Nous verrons la manière dont cette méthodologie aura permis de cerner les mécanismes sociaux qui régulent le choix du conjoint et qui (re)produisent les systèmes de pouvoir.This article deals with the interrelations between two “scales” of Tahitian society : the small-scale discourse and choices of partners in interethnic couples and the large-scale power systems demonstrated by mate selection patterns. As Tahiti is characterized by ethnic differentiations and a colonial past, the theoretical framework used is the theoretical field of “intersectionality”, focusing on three power systems : gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The social actors are considered as reflections and agents of these interlocking systems of power. The methodology contains two parts, quantitative and qualitative, in order to analyze the social mechanisms in their totality, by observing the forms that they adopt on different social scales. We shall see how this methodology has allowed analysis of the social mechanisms that regulate mate selection as well as (re)produce social power systems

The Use of the Modified Vestibular Activities of Daily Living Scale in the Examination of Older Adults

•30-60% community dwelling older adults fall each year, which is the leading cause of injury, death, and traumatic hospital admissions in the elderly.1 This costs the U.S. health care system $20-30 billion per year.2 Currently used older adult self-report measures demonstrate poor responsiveness3, thus failing to detect a decline in function on early enough for preventative physical therapy intervention. •The Vestibular Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) is a self-report measure developed to determine activity & participation restrictions in patients with vestbular dysfunction. This scale clearly delineates important tasks and categories of independence, which would be applicable to the assessment of older adult fall risk and functional decline. •Assessing some basic psychometric properties of a modified version of the VADL (mVADL) to the examination of older adult balance is required before this tool can be used confidently in the clinic. •In regards to statistical calculations for outcome measures, typically the mean is used to determine the average value to represent the participant scores, however, the mVADL is scored using the median. Using the median score reduces the amount of outliers from the normative data

LECHERAS Y NOVEDADES [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN TENERIFEFOTO DE GRUPO DE MUJERES LECHERASCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: A synthetic analysis based on historical data sources

Riparian corridors in semi-arid Mediterranean environments are ecosystems of high biodiversity and complexity. However, they are threatened because of high levels of human intervention. River damming and related flow manipulation is considered as one of the most prominent human impacts on riparian corridors. This study combines historical time series information on river flows and their human manipulation, historical aerial images depicting changes in riparian land cover and ground observations of the species - age composition and morphology of the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river (the Mijares River, Eastern Spain) over the last 60years. In this sense, we explored how to integrate information from a wide variety of data sources, and we extracted a variety of indices and undertook analyses that identified and summarized spatio-temporal changes in riparian structure and in the driving flow processes. Results revealed an increase in the cover and density of woody vegetation and a decrease in bare sediment areas (essential for recruitment of riparian pioneer species), with a synchronous reduction in the complexity of the riparian corridor of the middle reaches of the Mijares River. These vegetation changes have accompanied a decrease in the magnitude and variability of river flows over the last six decades, with higher severity since dam closure. This study illustrates the effectiveness of combining disparate historical data sources and the effectiveness of processing these sources to extract informative metrics that can improve the understanding and management of riparian systems. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The authors are grateful to Paula De Lamo (who worked in an early version of this study), Carlos Gonzalez-Hidalgo (who gave us access to the MOPREDAS database) and Alicia Garcia-Arias and Oscar Belmar (for their support in the calculation of confusion matrices and in the flow regime analysis, respectively). We also thank Confederacion Hidrografica del Jucar (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) and the professors Juan Marco Segura and Javier Paredes for the hydrological data provided to develop this study. TECNOMA S. A. provided logistic support. Finally, we acknowledge the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for the two grants of the Support Programme for Research and Development 'Programa de Apoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo' (PAID 00-10 and 00-11). This study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with the projects 'Recent environmental changes in fluvial systems: morphological and sedimentological consequences' (CGL2009-14220-C02-02-BTE) and SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065). The feedback of two anonymous reviewers has been very helpful and is greatly appreciated.Garófano-Gómez, V.; Martinez-Capel, F.; Bertoldi, W.; Gurnell, Á.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Segura-Beltrán, F. (2012). Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: A synthetic analysis based on historical data sources. Ecohydrology. 0:0-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1330S00

Devenir « demi » en Polynésie française

International audienceBased on doctoral research and interviews conducted between 2004 and 2007 with fifty-four people in « mixed » (« Mainlander »-« Polynesian ») couples in Tahiti and Moorea, this article analyzes the social uses of the category of ethnic mixing : « Demi ». French Polynesia having been the site of intercontinental migrations and ethnic mixing for 200 years, Michel Panoff (1989) estimated that « unmixed » Polynesians no longer existed. Other authors advance that the « Demis » represent purely a social class (Rallu et al. 1997). In this context, what symbolic criteria are employed to distinguish the category « Demi » from other ethnic categories in contemporary French Polynesia ? The historical genesis of this category predicts, in its contemporary use, the strong link with socioeconomic status. Yet the results of this work indicate another factor which weighs on ethnic categorization : gender. Although the ambiguity of social distinctions between « Polynesians » and « Demis » rely entirely upon the use of socioeconomic status symbols in a capitalistic and Western value-system, the distinction only becomes salient for men. This article shall consider these dynamic modes of categorization and distinction between ethnic categories which mobilize both socioeconomic status and gender.Basé sur un travail doctoral mené entre 2004 et 2007 auprès de 54 personnes en couple dit « mixte » (« métropolitain »-« polynésien ») à Tahiti et à Moorea, cet article propose une analyse des usages sociaux de la catégorie de métissage : « demi ». La Polynésie française étant lieu de métissages transcontinentaux depuis 200 ans, Michel Panoff (1989) avait estimé qu’il n’existerait plus de Polynésiens non-métissés de fait. D’autres auteurs affirment que les « Demis » ne constituent qu’une classe sociale (Rallu et al. 1997). Dans ce contexte, quels critères symboliques sont employés pour démarquer la catégorie de « Demi » des autres appartenances ethniques de la société tahitienne contemporaine ? La genèse historique de cette catégorie prédit, dans son usage contemporain, le lien fort avec les statuts socioéconomiques des personnes. Or, les résultats de ce travail indiquent un autre facteur qui pèse sur la catégorisation ethnique : le genre. En effet, si toute l’ambigüité des distinctions sociales entre « Polynésien » et « Demi » repose sur l’affichage de symboles de statuts socioéconomiques dans le système de valeurs capitalistes et occidentales, la distinction devient saillante chez les hommes. Cet article se penche sur ces modalités dynamiques de catégorisation et de distinction entre appellations ethniques qui mobilisent autant les statuts socioéconomiques que le genre

Couples ‘métropolitain' – ‘polynésien' à Tahiti. Enjeux de l'ethnicité, du genre et du statut socioéconomique dans un contexte postcolonial

Aiming to elucidate the links between interethnic relations, gender and socioeconomic status in the postcolonial society of Tahiti, French Polynesia, this research focuses on ‘Mainlander' – ‘Polynesian' interethnic couples. Despite discourse on ideal mixing, which interethnic unions have come to exemplify, their discourse shows that the use of categorizations contributes to (re)producing ethnic differences within the family. The categories are situated within hierarchies through oppositions constituted in terms of ‘evolution' or ‘modernity', which imply socioeconomic status. Gender crosscuts these hierarchies. The dual representation of ‘Polynesian' women as vectors of ‘modernity' and submissive (myth of the vahine) or as dominant (myth of the matriarch), depending on the ethnic belonging of her spouse, contributes to maintaining a racist hierarchy. In addition, while the celebration of interethnic couples in which the man is ‘White' is based on the ‘ethnic status' of the latter, portrayed as emancipator of the vahine, couples in which the woman is associated with dominant ‘ethnic status', less frequent to form, testify to stigmatization and disapproval. Interethnic couples are at the crossroads of these power relations, which form interlocking systems of ‘gendered racism' and normative male domination within the couple. The combined consideration of these couples' accounts and representations, as well as statistics concerning the social characteristics of interethnic couples, reveals the mechanisms of the coproduction of social power relations, which intervene in everyday social interactions, including those of the intimate and familial spheres.Visant à éclairer l'articulation entre rapports interethniques, de genre et de statut socioéconomique dans une société postcoloniale, cette recherche s'intéresse aux couples interethniques ‘métropolitains' - ‘polynésiens' à Tahiti, Polynésie française. En dépit d'un métissage supposé idéal, dont les unions interethniques sont emblématiques, leurs discours montrent que l'usage de catégorisations participe à (re)produire des différences ethniques au sein des familles. Les catégorisations se font hiérarchiquement, s'appuyant sur des oppositions constituées en termes d'‘évolution' ou de ‘modernité', sous-entendant le statut socioéconomique. Le genre traverse ces hiérarchisations. La double représentation de la femme ‘polynésienne' comme vecteur de ‘modernité' et douce (mythe de la vahine) ou comme dominante (mythe du matriarcat), selon l'appartenance ethnique du conjoint, participe à maintenir une hiérarchie raciste. Si l'éloge du couple interethnique dans lesquels l'homme est ‘blanc' se base sur le statut ethnique de ce dernier, construit en ‘émancipateur' de la vahine, les couples dans lesquels le ‘statut ethnique' dominant est du côté de la femme, plus rares à se former, sont dévalorisés. Les couples interethniques se trouvent aux carrefours de ces rapports de pouvoir qui forment des systèmes imbriqués de ‘racisme genré' et de domination masculine normative au sein du couple. La mise en rapport de leurs témoignages et représentations, et des statistiques sur les caractéristiques des couples interethniques, dévoile des mécanismes de coproduction des rapports sociaux de pouvoir qui se déclinent dans la vie sociale de tous les jours, et ce jusqu'aux sphères familiales et intimes

Les Concours de beauté à Tahiti. La fabrication médiatisée d'appartenances territoriale, ethnique et de genre

International audienc