11 research outputs found

    Baryons, neutrinos, feedback and weak gravitational lensing

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    The effect of baryonic feedback on the dark matter mass distribution is generally considered to be a nuisance to weak gravitational lensing. Measurements of cosmological parameters are affected as feedback alters the cosmic shear signal on angular scales smaller than a few arcminutes. Recent progress on the numerical modelling of baryon physics has shown that this effect could be so large that, rather than being a nuisance, the effect can be constrained with current weak lensing surveys, hence providing an alternative astrophysical insight on one of the most challenging questions of galaxy formation. In order to perform our analysis, we construct an analytic fitting formula that describes the effect of the baryons on the mass power spectrum. This fitting formula is based on three scenarios of the OverWhelmingly Large hydrodynamical simulations. It is specifically calibrated for z < 1.5, where it models the simulations to an accuracy that is better than 2 per cent for scales k < 10 h Mpc−1 and better than 5 per cent for 10 < k < 100 h Mpc−1. Equipped with this precise tool, this paper presents the first constraint on baryonic feedback models using gravitational lensing data, from the Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). In this analysis, we show that the effect of neutrino mass on the mass power spectrum is degenerate with the baryonic feedback at small angular scales and cannot be ignored. Assuming a cosmology precision fixed by WMAP9, we find that a universe with massless neutrinos is rejected by the CFHTLenS lensing data with 85–98 per cent confidence, depending on the baryon feedback model. Some combinations of feedback and non-zero neutrino masses are also disfavoured by the data, although it is not yet possible to isolate a unique neutrino mass and feedback model. Our study shows that ongoing weak gravitational lensing surveys (KiDS, HSC and DES) will offer a unique opportunity to probe the physics of baryons at galactic scales, in addition to the expected constraints on the total neutrino mass

    Non-Gaussianity in Large Scale Structure and Minkowski Functionals

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    Minkowski Functionals (MFs) are topological statistics that have become one of many standard tools used for investigating the statistical properties of cosmological random fields. They have found regular use in studies of departures from Gaussianity in a number of important cosmological scenarios. Important examples include the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), weak lensing studies, 21cm surveys and large scale structure (LSS). To lowest order the MFs depend on three generalised skewness parameters that can be shown to probe the bispectrum with differing weights. Recent studies have advocated the use of a power spectrum associated with the bispectrum, called the skew-spectrum, that has more power to distinguish between various contributions to the bispectrum than the conventional formalism adopted when using the Minkowski Functionals. In this article we review the motivations for studying non-Gaussianity and emphasize the importance of the momentum dependence of higher order correlators in investigating both inflationary and early Universe models as well as analytical models for gravitational instability. We then introduce the skew-spectra, applied to galaxy surveys, as a tool for investigating various models for primordial and gravitationally induced non-Gaussianities. We present analytical expressions for the skew-spectra for the density field and divergence of the velocity field in 3D and for projected surveys as a function of redshift and a smoothing angular scale. A Gaussian window function is assumed throughout this paper. Analytical results are derived for the case of gravitationally induced non-Gaussianity. These results can be generalised to incorporate redshift space effects. This will be useful in probing primordial and gravitationally induced non-Gaussianity from ongoing and future galaxy surveys.Comment: 24 Pages, 12 figure

    Espaces publics et citoyenneté au Japon

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    International audienceLes notions d’espace public et de citoyenneté sont difficilement transposables telles quelles pour les sociétés qui ne procèdent pas de l’héritage gréco-romain. C’est le cas du Japon, où les termes qui décrivent ces notions ont été forgés artificiellement, lors de la modernisation du pays. Pour autant, il existe des espaces qui hébergent des formes de citoyenneté locale, comme le périmètre des sanctuaires villageois. L’influence de l’Occident a aussi conduit, dès la fin du XIX siècle, les dirigeants de l’archipel à doter les villes d’espaces dévolus au public, sur les modèles européens ; mais sans pour autant que ces espaces soient véritablement appropriés par la population. En revanche, la globalisation des villes japonaises a nécessité de nouveaux aménagements, qui sans être publics, sont accessibles gratuitement. Ils fournissent aux citadins des espaces ouverts à la déambulation et participent à une nouvelle qualité de la ville. Étroitement contrôlés, et souvent à visée marchande, ils sont cependant loin d’être des espaces de citoyennet

    Approche archéologique et environnementale des premiers peuplements alpins autour du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard (Savoie, vallée d'Aoste) : un bilan d'étape

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    Une étude archéologique et sédimentaire a été réalisée sur les versants du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard (2188m, Alpes occidentales), de 2003 à 2007 par de grandes séries de sondages manuels dans des contextes sélectionnés. Les avantages et les inconvénients de cette méthodologie sont exposés et discutés. Ce travail a permis d'identifier, interstratifiés dans les remplissages holocènes, des sols bruns fersiallitiques sur les versants et des sols hydromorphes en altitude. Les répartitions chronologique et altitudinale des découvertes archéologiques sont analysées, puis comparées à une compilation des connaissances préalables dans les vallées alpines du Beaufortin, de la Maurienne et de la Tarentaise. Les analyses paléo-environnementales et archéologiques en cours sont présentées
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