JSTOR Plant Science

JSTOR Plant Science is an online environment that brings together content, tools, and people interested in plant science. It provides access to foundational content vital to plant science – plant type specimens, taxonomic structures, scientific literature, and related materials, making them widely accessible to the plant science community as well as to researchers in other fields and to the public. It also provides an easy to use interface with powerful functionality that supports research and teaching, including the ability to measure and record plant specimens, share observations and objects with colleagues and classmates, and investigate global plant biodiversity

The Berlin Chansonnier and French Song in Florence, 1450-1490: A New Dating and Its Implications

Owing to the loss of most 15th-century music manuscripts from France and Burgundy, chansonniers of Italian origin are of special significance for our knowledge of the French song repertory and its dissemination during the second half of the century. Florence appears to have been a particularly important center of collecting, judging from a group of nine chansonniers copied there between the 1440s and the early 1490s. In recent decades the Berlin Chansonnier (Berlin, Staatliche Museen der Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Kupferstichkabinett, MS 78.C.28) has held a special place among these Florentine sources, partly because it is the only one from before the 1490s for which there is external evidence that seemed to provide a precise dating, and partly because that evidence indicated that it was our only surviving Florentine music manuscript from the 1460s. More than 30 years ago Peter Reidemeister identified the two Florentine families whose impaled arms decorate the first chanson in the collection. These arms led him to propose that the manuscript was made in connection with a wedding involving these two families, which he claimed took place in 1465 or 1466, a dating that has been accepted as a terminus ad quem in subsequent scholarship. The manuscript thus appeared to pre-date by 15 or more years the next earliest sources in the Florentine group, and the significant repertorial differences between the Berlin manuscript and those of the early 1480s seemed to reflect this time gap. Documents in the Archivio di Stato in Florence change this picture considerably. New evidence calls for a series of crucial adjustments to the theories proposed by Reidermeister that together force a reassessment of the dating of the Berlin Chansonnier. This reassessment affects in turn its relation to several other manuscripts, both from Florence and elsewhere in Italy, and provides new insight into the repertory of songs (in particular those of Busnoys) that was circulating in Florence between the 1460s and the early 1480s.Musi

Pater Optime: Vergilian Allusion in Obrecht's Mille Quingentis

Efforts to uncover biographical data in the text of Jacob Obrecht's motet Mille quingentis have led scholars to minimize the significance of the poem's figurative language. Written in response to the death of the composer's father, the text is a hybrid of different poetic styles, a reflection of the rich web of literary and cultural practices that lies behind it. Allusions to the poetry of Vergil figure more prominently in the motet than has been previously recognized. Other examples of the kinds of allusions found in Mille quingentis, drawn from a wide range of works, demonstrate that Obrecht was here participating in a more general commemorative practice, wherein the assimilation of well-known classical texts served to express private sentiments using a "public" language newly charged with meaning. A consideration of texts that possibly mediated his use of Vergilian language and themes (among them a treatise of Johannes Tinctoris) suggests that the motet's biographical significance lies principally in what it can tell us about Obrecht's intellectual background and tendencies, as well as his engagement with the humanistic literary environment he would have encountered during his first stay at the Ferrarese court.Musi

CFHT Legacy Ultraviolet Extension (CLUE): witnessing galaxy transformations up to 7 Mpc from rich cluster cores

Using the optical data from the Wide component of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) Legacy Survey, and new ultraviolet (UV) data from GALEX, we study the colours and specific star formation rates (SSFRs) of ∼ 100 galaxy clusters at 0.16 < z < 0.36, over areas extending out to radii of r∼ 7 Mpc. We use a multicolour, statistical background subtraction method to study the galaxy population at this radius; thus our results pertain to those galaxies which constitute an excess over the average field density. We find that the average SSFR and its distribution of the star-forming galaxies (with at z∼ 0.2 and at z∼ 0.3) have no measurable dependence on the clustercentric radius and are consistent with the field values. However, the fraction of galaxies with SFR above these thresholds, and the fraction of optically blue galaxies, are lower for the overdense galaxy population in the cluster outskirts compared with the average field value, at all stellar masses and at all radii out to at least 7 Mpc. Most interestingly, the fraction of blue galaxies that are forming stars at a rate below our UV detection limit is much higher in all radial bins around our cluster sample compared with the general field value. This is most noticeable for massive galaxies ; while almost all blue field galaxies of this mass have detectable star formation, this is true for less than 20 per cent of the blue cluster galaxies, even at 7 Mpc from the cluster centre. Our results support a scenario where galaxies are pre-processed in locally overdense regions in a way that reduces their SFR below our UV detection limit, but not to zer

Fish Bulletin 180. California Coastal Salmonid Population Monitoring: Strategy, Design, and Methods

California’s salmon and steelhead populations have experienced marked declines leading to listing of almost all of California’s anadromous salmonids under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) and Federal Endan-gered Species Act (ESA). Both CESA and ESA listings require recovery plans that call for monitoring to provide some measure of progress toward recovery. In addition, there are related monitoring needs for other management activi-ties such as hatchery operations and fisheries management

Geomagnetic conditions in Ireland During the St. Patrick's Day 2015 Storm

<p>Poster at UK National Astronomy Meeting in Llandudno, Wales on July 5-9, 2015 (www.nam2015.org)</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>Two coronal mass ejections were launched in quick succession from the Sun on March 15, 2015. They impacted the Earth's magnetosphere two days later on St. Patrick's Day (March 17), resulting in a geomagnetic storm with a planetary K-Index of 8.</p> <p>Magnetic variations were measured across a recently deployed magnetometer network in Ireland and geoelectric fields were measured at a site in Co. Leitrim (magnetic latitude 57.08°). A local K-index maximum of 7 was calculated at Birr, Co. Offaly (magnetic latitude 55.97), while the aurora</p> <p>borealis accompanying the geomagnetic storm was visible as far south as Co. Waterford (magnetic latitude 55.13°).</p> <p>The British Geological Survey thin-sheet surface electric field model was used together with our magnetometer measurements to calculate electric fields and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the Irish power grid.</p> <p>Although it was one of the most magnetically disturbed days in a decade, with dB/dt reaching ~50 nT/min, the peak GIC level estimated in the Irish power grid was ~10 Amps. Note, no adverse effects were reported in the Irish power grid demonstrating its resilience to geomagnetic storms of this magnitude.</p

Elevated CO2 determines cell damage and nitrogen allocation in barley subjected to aphid herbivory

Expected release date-May 201

Effect of an Office-Based Surgical Safety System on Patient Outcomes

Objective: To implement a customizable checklist in an interdisciplinary, team-based plastic surgery setting to reduce surgical complications. Methods: We examined the effects on patient outcomes and documentation of a customizable, office-based surgical safety checklist. On the basis of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist, we developed a 28-element, perioperative checklist for use in the office-based surgical setting. The checklist was implemented in an office-based plastic surgery practice with an already high standard of care. We recorded baseline, prechecklist rates for each checklist item and postoperative adverse outcomes via a retrospective chart review of 219 cases. After an education program and 30-day run-in period, a prospective, post–checklist implementation chart review was initiated (n = 184), with outcome data compared to the baseline. Results: The total number of complications per 100 patients decreased from 15.1 to 2.72 after checklist implementation (P < .0001), for an absolute risk reduction of 12.4. The proportion of patients with one or more complications decreased from 11.9% to 2.72% (P = .0006). Site and side marking increased from 69.9% prechecklist to 97.8% (P < .0001). Medical optimization increased from 90.9% to 99.5% (P < .0001). Emergency medical services (EMS) policy confirmation, case-specific equipment availability, anticipation of estimated blood loss, and verbal confirmation of local anesthetic toxicity precautions increased from 0% to 90.0% (P < .0001), 92.4% (P < .0001), 82.1% (P < .0001), and 91.3% (P < .0001), respectively. Assessment of patient satisfaction increased from 57.1% to 90.8% (P < .0001). Conclusions: Implementation of a customizable checklist was associated with a reduction in surgical complications in an office-based plastic surgery practice with an already high standard of care

Nutrient removal through oyster habitat restoration in the Indian River Lagoon

In 2016, an algae bloom in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) caused a state of emergency in Florida. As with many estuaries, nutrient loading has led to periodic eutrophication in the IRL. Previous studies have found oyster bed restoration promotes seasonal ecosystem services of phosphorus sequestration and denitrification; however, benefits over longer periods are not well understood. In the Mosquito Lagoon of the IRL, oyster beds have decreased from 24.07 ha to 14.46 ha due to boat traffic (40% decline). Since 2009, restoration has repaired 19 beds and half an acre of oyster habitat. Our study in 2016 determined whether restoration has increased ecosystem services in Mosquito Lagoon since 2009. Hypotheses for the study were that control sediments represented conditions at damaged oyster beds during restoration, that ecosystem services increased as oyster beds recovered, that services were limited by sediment components, and that service limitation from sediment components decreased with restoration. Recalcitrant phosphorus was significantly higher in oyster beds than in control sediments. In addition, bioavailable phosphorus converted to recalcitrant forms with bed restoration. Denitrification was significantly higher in oyster beds than in controls, and there was a small, weak decrease in denitrification in restored beds over time due to increasing nitrogen limitation. Restored oyster beds removed 5,318 kg/ha of nitrogen and 91 kg/ha of phosphorus in new oyster tissue and shell. Sediment in restored beds also provided 796 kg/ha/yr of denitrification and sequestered 9 kg/ha of phosphorus. On average, a 20 year oyster restoration project could remove nitrogen at $570/kg (30$121,000/kg (9 times other methods)