Apical Debris Extrusion with Conventional Rotary and Reciprocating Instruments

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the amount of apical debris extrusion after preparation using hand files, reciprocating files, and full rotary nickel-titanium systems. Methods and Materials: One hundred extracted human mandibular molars with two separated canals in mesial root were divided into five groups and prepared using reciprocating systems (Reciproc and Safesider endodontic reamer files), full rotary systems (Mtwo and Neoniti A1 files) and hand instrumentation systems. Endodontic access was prepared and a #15 K-file was passed beyond the apex of the mesiobuccal canal by 1 mm to ensure the canal patency. All mesiobuccal canals were prepared 1 mm shorter than the anatomic apex. In each case, extruded debris was collected in an Eppendorf tube and weighed after desiccation. The mean weight of extruded material was calculated in each group. The analysis was carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by two tailed and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05. The Bonferroni correction was also applied to correct multiple comparisons. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the reciprocal and other techniques in debris extrusion (P<0.05). The order of groups ranked in terms of debris extrusion from the lowest to highest was as follows: 1) Hand instrumentation group (with crown down technique), 2) Mtwo group, 3) Neoniti A1 group, 4) Safesider endodontic reamer group, and 5) Reciproc group. Conclusion: Based on this in vitro study, all systems have some apical debris extrusion; however, using the hand instrumentation system resulted in extrusion of significantly less debris compared to the Reciproc group. It seems that hand and rotary instrumentation systems are better than reciprocating instrumentation systems in terms of the amount of debris extrusion.Keywords: Endodontics; Root Canal Preparation; Rotary Instrumentatio

Investigating Barriers to Promoting Oral Health in Students with hearing impairment from Mothers' Perspective: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Objectives Studies have shown the high prevalence of dental caries, negligence of oral health, and unmet dental care needs among children with hearing impairment compared to their healthy peers. This study was conducted to determine the barriers to oral health of children with hearing impairment from the perspective of their mothers. Methods In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 mothers based on purposive sampling in order to investigate the factors affecting compliance with oral health. Interviews were recorded, handwritten, coded and classified; and for content analysis, Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative approach was used. Results As a result of the data analysis, the three main themes of “the effects of general health status, the effects of instruction and learning, and problems in receiving dental health care services” were identified as barriers to good oral health. Moreover,  nine sub-themes of “inadequate education regarding oral health, parental insufficient supervision, shortages in dentistry service delivery systems, obstacles hindering mother from pursuing services, lack of guidelines for offering free periodical dental examinations for children with special needs, the impact of improper nutritional habits on oral health, children’s mental problems, unfavorable oral health conditions, and  the impact of oral health on the child’s general health" were obtained. Conclusion Inadequate education in the field of oral health and difficulties in receiving dental services were identified as the most important factors affecting oral health in children with hearing impairment from their mothers' perspective.

Unveiling: The Law of Gendered Islamophobia

For far too long, “unveiling” has been the subject of imperial fetish and Muslim women the expedients for western war. This Article reclaims the term and serves the liberatory mission of reimagining how Islamophobia distinctly impacts Muslim women. By crafting a theory of gendered Islamophobia centering Muslim women rooted in law, this Article disrupts legal discourses that presume that its principal subjects—and victims—are Muslim men. In turn, this approach lifts Muslim women from the margins to the marrow of scholarly analysis.Gendered Islamophobia theory holds that state and societal tropes ascribed to Muslim women are oppositional to those assigned to Muslim men. It elucidates how prevailing ideas of “submissiveness” and “subordination” attached to Muslim womanhood, and the grand aim of “liberating Muslim women” that follows, are rooted in an imperial epistemology that caricatures Muslim men as “violent,” “oppressive,” and “tyrannical.” This discourse of “masculine Islamophobia” drives War on Terror rhetoric and policy, and shapes how scholars imagine and then examine subjects of Islamophobia. This scholarly fixation on Muslim masculinity first, isolates Muslim men as the presumptive targets of Islamophobia; second, overlooks the distinct ideas that drive “feminine Islamophobia” and the specific injuries it levies upon Muslim women; and third, perpetuates the erasure of female experiences with systems of Islamophobia from scholarly view.Beyond unveiling theory, this Article also contributes original empirical data highlighting how Islamophobia differentially unfolds along gender lines. Finally, to illustrate the law’s role in producing gendered Islamophobia, this Article examines six cases within three areas of critical concern: first, hijab bans and state regulation of Muslim women’s bodies; second, terrorism prosecution; and third, immigration and asylum adjudication.</p

In-vitro Comparison of NiTi Tee, RaCe and Protaper Instruments in Dentinal Crack Formation

Background and Aim:Root canal preparation with rotary instruments may cause dentinal cracks leading to tooth fracture. The aim of this study was to compare three different rotary systems ProTaper, RaCe and Niti Tee on formation of dentinal cracks following root canal preparation. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 extracted mandibular first molars were selected. Teeth having roots with previous cracks and defects were excluded from the study. The crowns and distal roots of teeth were cut. Silicon impression material was used to simulate tooth PDL. The mesial roots were randomly prepared using ProTaper (up to F3) RaCe and Niti Tee systems (up to ≠30/0.06) in three groups of 15. Five teeth remained unprepared as the control group. The specimens were then sectioned horizontally in 3, 5 and 9 mm distances from the apex. Cracks exploration was done by digital stereomicroscope. The occurrence of dentinal cracks with different systems were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Dentinal defects were observed in 3 (20%), 4 (26.7%) and 2 (13.3) of root canals following the preparation with ProTaper, Niti Tee and RaCe files, respectively. Two of the 3 defects in protaper group were as complete crack. The overall incidence of crack among the rotary files was 20%. No significant differences were found in defect formation between the three rotary systems (P>0.05).  Conclusion: Under the condituion of this study Dentinal cracks were observed in all systems. The overall incidence of crack among the rotary files was 20%. Although more cracks were observed in NTiTee group, the differences were not significant

Epigenetic therapy in urologic cancers: an update on clinical trials

Epigenetic dysregulation is one of many factors that contribute to cancer development and progression. Numerous epigenetic alterations have been identified in urologic cancers including histone modifications, DNA methylation changes, and microRNA expression. Since these changes are reversible, efforts are being made to develop epigenetic drugs that restore the normal epigenetic patterns of cells, and many clinical trials are already underway to test their clinical potential. In this review we analyze multiple clinical trials (n=51) that test the efficacy of these drugs in patients with urologic cancers. The most frequently used epigenetic drugs were histone deacetylase inhibitors followed by antisense oligonucleotides, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone demethylase inhibitors, the last of which are only being tested in prostate cancer. In more than 50% of the clinical trials considered, epigenetic drugs were used as part of combination therapy, which achieved the best results. The epigenetic regulation of some cancers is still matter of research but will undoubtedly open a window to new therapeutic approaches in the era of personalized medicine. The future of therapy for urological malignancies is likely to include multidrug regimens in which epigenetic modifying drugs will play an important role

This thesis explores the challenges Afghan disabled migrants face in accessing disability support in Sweden, with a specific focus on the LSS Act (Act Concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments). While Sweden is known for its inclusive welfare policies and commitment to human rights, many Afghan migrants with disabilities struggle to benefit from available services. Their difficulties are often linked to structural barriers such as complex bureaucracy, language limitations, lack of awareness about their rights, and limited culturally sensitive support. Moreover, the intersection of disability and forced migration increases their vulnerability, especially when past trauma and separation from family and social networks are considered. This study examines how these factors affect their ability to access and navigate services provided under the LSS framework.

openThis thesis examines the challenges faced by Afghan disabled migrants in Stockholm, Sweden, when accessing disability support services, particularly the Support and Services for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS Act). The study explores the intersection of institutional barriers and the role of family support in their access and integration under the LSS framework. The research aims to identify institutional and policy-level gaps in the delivery of LSS services, highlight the importance of family support in overcoming barriers, and provide recommendations for more inclusive and culturally sensitive policies. It seeks to answer questions about the institutional, social, and cultural barriers faced by Afghan disabled migrants, the influence of Stockholm Municipality's policies and practices, how Afghan families support their disabled relatives, and how the municipality involves families in service delivery. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with Afghan migrants with disabilities living in Stockholm. The interviews aim to capture personal experiences related to disability support, integration, and interaction with public institutions. The data is analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns and gaps in service delivery. The thesis draws on human rights approach, social exclusion theory, welfare state theory, and critical disability theory to understand the difficulties faced by Afghan disabled migrants. It also highlights the relevance of the topic to human rights and multi-level governance, particularly in the context of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as well as the division of responsibility for service delivery between national laws and municipal implementation. The study acknowledges that while Sweden has a comprehensive welfare system and disability policies emphasizing equality and inclusion, Afghan disabled migrants often encounter significant barriers due to language barriers, limited knowledge of their rights, and a lack of tailored support, further compounded by their experiences of displacement and trauma

Ummah : The Identity Negotiations of Muslims in the United States

This dissertation examines Muslims in the United States and the way they negotiate the boundaries of their group identities. Muslims in the U.S. are an extremely diverse spectrum of Muslim communities with different histories, patterns of residence in the U.S and political ideologies. However, the current racial climate that Islamophobia has created, has racialized Muslims and targeted people across diverse groups with specific blanket stereotypes. How do Muslims, with such distinct cross-cutting cleavages, reconcile their distinct history with the external narratives about them? This dissertation examines how Muslims negotiate their identities – as Muslim, as American, as an ethnic minority- in a highly Islamophobic racial climate. I employ a mixed-methods analysis, drawing on 30 qualitative interviews and originally collected survey data to better understand how Muslims negotiate their different identities. I find that Muslims, across different levels of religious belief, identify more closely with a pan-Muslim identity. There are political implications to this attachment, as people who identify as being Muslim are more likely to be politically engaged, particularly in Muslim-specific political activities. Finally, I find that being American is not simply a national identity but a racialized identity that Muslims distance from identifying with when they feel they are being discriminated due to their identity.</p