Pregled sustava za umrežavanje i računalno upravljanje EKG dijagnostičkim postupkom

U radu je opisan sustav SEMA, švicarskog proizvođača Schiller, namijenjen umreţavanju i računalnom upravljanju EKG dijagnostičkim sustavom. U prvom dijelu rada dan je osvrt na glavne značajke ovog sustava, te razlike između pojedinih licenci unutar sustava. Opisano je međusobno povezivanje između SEMA sustava i bolničkog informacijskog sustava, te je prikazan protok podataka između ta dva sustava. U drugom dijelu rada dan je pregled osnovnih elemenata sustava i njihovih funkcionalnosti, s naglaskom na mogućnosti administriranja korištenjem sučelja dostupnog osoblju zaduţenom za instalaciju i nadzor rada. U trećem dijelu rada dan je prikaz osnovne strukture podataka dostupnih krajnjim korisnicima. Obavljeno snimanje mreţne komunikacije koje je omogućilo ograničenu analizu samog komunikacijskog protokola unutar segmenta SEMA sustava vezanog za pristup podacima o korisnicima. Obzirom da se radi o zaštićenoj komunikaciji, detaljna analiza nije bila moguća, što je, naţalost, potvrđeno i kroz e-mail komunikaciju s proizvođačem sustava, kojom je utvrđeno da se svi bitni parametri koji bi se mogli iskoristiti za detaljniji tehnički opis sustava predstavljaju poslovnu tajnu

Testing longwave radiation parameterizations under clear and overcast skies at Storglaciären, Sweden

Energy balance based glacier melt models require accurate estimates of incoming longwave radiation but direct measurements are often not available. Multi-year near-surface meteorological data from Storglaciären, Northern Sweden, were used to evaluate commonly used longwave radiation parameterizations in a glacier environment under clear-sky and all-sky conditions. Parameterizations depending solely on air temperature performed worse than those which include water vapor pressure. All models tended to overestimate incoming longwave radiation during periods of low longwave radiation, while incoming longwave was underestimated when radiation was high. Under all-sky conditions root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were 17 to 20 W m<sup>−2</sup> and −5 to 1 W m<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Two attempts were made to circumvent the need of cloud cover data. First cloud fraction was parameterized as a function of the ratio, τ, of measured incoming shortwave radiation and calculated top of atmosphere radiation. Second, τ was related directly to the cloud factor (i.e. the increase in sky emissivity due to clouds). Despite large scatter between τ and both cloud fraction and the cloud factor, resulting calculations of hourly incoming longwave radiation for both approaches were only slightly more variable with RMSE roughly 3 W m<sup>−2</sup> larger compared to using cloud observations as input. This is promising for longwave radiation modeling in areas where shortwave radiation data are available but cloud observations are not

Topografija antičke Salone (I) Salonitanska Urbs vetus

Salona, glavni grad rimske provincije Dalmacije, i njezini spomenici-kako oni monumentalnoga - javnog karaktera tako i oni vezani uz svakodnevni život - odavno su u fokusu znanstvenih istraživanjima, ali su većinom poznati samo u glavnim obrisima. Uočene su dileme o vremenu njihova nastanka i razvojnim promjenama uvjetovanim urbanističkim zahvatima ili svakodnevnim potrebama. Saloni nedostaju sustavna istraživanja ne samo terenskoga karaktera već i ona na stvaranju osnovne baze podataka o svim dosad poznatim arheološkim nalazima, spomenicima i urbanističkim elementima razvoja antičkoga grada, osobito za najranije povijesti. Stoga su u ovom radu obuhvaćeni podatci o poznatim javnim građevinama najstarijega dijela grada, Urbs vetus, koji će se nadopunjavati ostalim arheološkim nalazima upotpunjujući povijesno-topografsku sliku antičke Salone. Na taj način dostupna baza podataka bit će dragocjena podloga za planiranje zaštite i prezentacije arheoloških lokaliteta Salone, a posebna vrijednost je u mogućnosti njezine primjene u izradi detaljnih planova pojedinih zona grada Solina

Cloud and boundary layer interactions over the Arctic sea ice in late summer

Observations from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS), in the central Arctic sea-ice pack in late summer 2008, provide a detailed view of cloud- atmosphere-surface interactions and vertical mixing processes over the sea-ice environment. Measurements from a suite of ground-based remote sensors, near-surface meteorological and aerosol instruments, and profiles from radiosondes and a helicopter are combined to characterize a weeklong period dominated by low-level, mixed-phase, stratocumulus clouds. Detailed case studies and statistical analyses are used to develop a conceptual model for the cloud and atmosphere structure and their interactions in this environment. Clouds were persistent during the period of study, having qualities that suggest they were sustained through a combination of advective influences and in-cloud processes, with little contribution from the surface. Radiative cooling near cloud top produced buoyancy-driven, turbulent eddies that contributed to cloud formation and created a cloud-driven mixed layer. The depth of this mixed layer was related to the amount of turbulence and condensed cloud water. Coupling of this cloud-driven mixed layer to the surface boundary layer was primarily determined by proximity. For 75%of the period of study, the primary stratocumulus cloud-driven mixed layer was decoupled from the surface and typically at a warmer potential temperature. Since the near-surface temperature was constrained by the ocean-ice mixture, warm temperatures aloft suggest that these air masses had not significantly interacted with the sea-ice surface. Instead, backtrajectory analyses suggest that these warm air masses advected into the central Arctic Basin from lower latitudes. Moisture and aerosol particles likely accompanied these air masses, providing necessary support for cloud formation. On the occasions when cloud-surface coupling did occur, back trajectories indicated that these air masses advected at low levels, while mixing processes kept the mixed layer in equilibrium with the near-surface environment. Rather than contributing buoyancy forcing for the mixed-layer dynamics, the surface instead simply appeared to respond to the mixedlayer processes aloft. Clouds in these cases often contained slightly higher condensed water amounts, potentially due to additional moisture sources from below