"Give [...] not your heart away": The Unnamed Nature of A. E. Housman's Poetry

Over the course of this paper's two chapters, I consider A. E. Housman's verse from a queer/ethnic theoretical perspective (Part I, "Housman's Queer Sensibility") and then consider both the advantages and disadvantages of that theoretical perspective for studying Housman's poetry (Part II, "Appraising the Tools"), paying particular attention to the tools provided by queer theory. Constituting the bulk of the essay, Part I focuses on Housman as an ethnic writer whose primary poetic decisions are based upon a wish to control, restrain, and at best suggest homosexual desire. These "decisions," it should be noted, are not necessarily conscious choices as much as they are writerly inclinations, poetic instincts, subconscious tendencies that stem from the poet's particular worldview and emotional reserve. To buttress this reading, I suggest that Housman's poetry is characterized foremost by a distinctly pessimistic queer sensibility, one redolent with melancholy, despair, and a sense of loss. I then argue that the poetry's overarchingly morose tone originates largely in this queer sensibility and manifests itself particularly in the poetry's sublimated rather than nakedly expressed homosexual themes. Extending this argument, I contend further in Part I that Housman's queer sensibility not only informs his poetry's themes (content), but also the manner (form) in which the author conveys those themes. Modeled principally after a Greek and Latin poetic tradition of verbal economy, precision, and restraint, but also after a range of English poetic traditions evidenced in the writings of Shakespeare, Blake, and Arnold, Housman employs and in some cases modifies the formal aspects of traditional poetics to suit his thematic and emotional needs. In this manner, Housman's queer sensibility, his inclination to conceal rather than overtly reveal homosexual desire, determines the very form of the writer's poetic expression. With this larger argument established in Part I, in Part II I evaluate the tools that I have employed in the first chapter to illuminate Housman's poetry from an queer/ethnic perspective. In particular, I discuss how the political and ideological underpinnings of queer theory in many ways limit that theoretical approach's viability for judicious literary analysis. That is, while the theory is undeniably important for the present-day queer liberation movement, the very modern nature of the perspective can lead to anachronistic analyses of literature from past generations. In regard to Housman's work, these limitations become particularly evident when discussing the "repressed" nature of the poet's queer sensibility. In light of my contention in Part I that Housman makes particular poetic decisions regarding this sensibility (that he actively rather than passively deals with queer themes, expressing through suppression), I find difficulty using queer theory to assess the restrained nature of Housman's verse, as "suppression" of homosexual desire is, in the view of this theoretical perspective, indicative of oppression, intolerance, and subjugation. While the idea that homosexuals are members of a marginalized group is certainly integral to my larger argument about Housman's work, the generalizations that queer theory often makes about that marginalization are, in my reading, problematic for assessing those writers for whom repression may be the very essence of expression. With the analyses provided in both Part I and Part II of this paper, I contend that this paradoxical quality of repressed expression, a quality that contemporary queer theory does not at present fully account for, constitutes the unnamed nature of A. E. Housman's poetry

An Active Learning Approach for Rapid Characterization of Endothelial Cells in Human Tumors

Currently, no available pathological or molecular measures of tumor angiogenesis predict response to antiangiogenic therapies used in clinical practice. Recognizing that tumor endothelial cells (EC) and EC activation and survival signaling are the direct targets of these therapies, we sought to develop an automated platform for quantifying activity of critical signaling pathways and other biological events in EC of patient tumors by histopathology. Computer image analysis of EC in highly heterogeneous human tumors by a statistical classifier trained using examples selected by human experts performed poorly due to subjectivity and selection bias. We hypothesized that the analysis can be optimized by a more active process to aid experts in identifying informative training examples. To test this hypothesis, we incorporated a novel active learning (AL) algorithm into FARSIGHT image analysis software that aids the expert by seeking out informative examples for the operator to label. The resulting FARSIGHT-AL system identified EC with specificity and sensitivity consistently greater than 0.9 and outperformed traditional supervised classification algorithms. The system modeled individual operator preferences and generated reproducible results. Using the results of EC classification, we also quantified proliferation (Ki67) and activity in important signal transduction pathways (MAP kinase, STAT3) in immunostained human clear cell renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. FARSIGHT-AL enables characterization of EC in conventionally preserved human tumors in a more automated process suitable for testing and validating in clinical trials. The results of our study support a unique opportunity for quantifying angiogenesis in a manner that can now be tested for its ability to identify novel predictive and response biomarkers

High-isolation antenna array using SIW and realized with a graphene layer for sub-terahertz wireless applications

This paper presents the results of a study on developing an effective technique to increase the performance characteristics of antenna arrays for sub-THz integrated circuit applications. This is essential to compensate the limited power available from sub-THz sources. Although conventional array structures can provide a solution to enhance the radiation-gain performance however in the case of small-sized array structures the radiation properties can be adversely affected by mutual coupling that exists between the radiating elements. It is demonstrated here the effectiveness of using SIW technology to suppress surface wave propagations and near field mutual coupling effects. Prototype of 2 × 3 antenna arrays were designed and constructed on a polyimide dielectric substrate with thickness of 125 μm for operation across 0.19–0.20 THz. The dimensions of the array were 20 × 13.5 × 0.125 mm 3. Metallization of the antenna was coated with 500 nm layer of Graphene. With the proposed technique the isolation between the radiating elements was improved on average by 22.5 dB compared to a reference array antenna with no SIW isolation. The performance of the array was enhanced by transforming the patch to exhibit metamaterial characteristics. This was achieved by embedding the patch antennas in the array with sub-wavelength slots. Compared to the reference array the metamaterial inspired structure exhibits improvement in isolation, radiation gain and efficiency on average by 28 dB, 6.3 dBi, and 34%, respectively. These results show the viability of proposed approach in developing antenna arrays for application in sub-THz integrated circuits. </p

Terahertz on-chip antenna based on metasurface and SIW with stacked layers of resonators on GaAs substrate

This paper presents a 100μm GaAs-based 0.45-0.50 THz on-chip antenna based on metasurface and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technologies to realize a high-performance antenna. The antenna design consists of 2×4 array of circular slot resonators embedded in rectangular ground-plane segments in a horizontal arrangement. The ground-plane segments are separated from each other by a narrow channel to create a coplanar waveguide which is used to excite the structure. This antenna structure, which is constructed on GaAs substrate, reduces substrate loss and surface waves. In addition, the metasurface essentially enlarges the effective aperture area of the antenna to enhance the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The dimensions of the metasurface on-chip antenna is 0.8×0.8×0.13 mm3. The antenna exhibits an average gain and efficiency of 6.9dBi and 61.82%, respectively, which makes it a promising candidate for packaging in terahertz components

Amalgamation of metamaterial and SIW technologies for realizing wide-bandwidth and high-radiation properties of on-chip antennas for application in packaging of terahertz components

This paper shows that by employing a combination of metamaterial (MTM) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technologies, the drawbacks of narrow-bandwidth and low radiation properties encountered in terahertz on-chip antennas can be overcome. In addition, an effective feeding mechanism is introduced to excite the on-chip antenna. The proposed antenna is constructed on the three stacked layers comprising Silicon-metal-Silicon substrates. Dimensions of on-chip antenna are 1×1×0.265 mm3. The on-chip antenna is shown to have an average impedance match, gain, and efficiency parameters of -35dB, 8.5dBi, and 67.5%, respectively, over a wide frequency range of 0.20-0.22 THz

High‑isolation antenna array using SIW and realized with a graphene layer for sub‑terahertz wireless applications

This paper presents the results of a study on developing an effective technique to increase the performance characteristics of antenna arrays for sub-THz integrated circuit applications. This is essential to compensate the limited power available from sub-THz sources. Although conventional array structures can provide a solution to enhance the radiation-gain performance however in the case of small-sized array structures the radiation properties can be adversely affected by mutual coupling that exists between the radiating elements. It is demonstrated here the effectiveness of using SIW technology to suppress surface wave propagations and near field mutual coupling effects. Prototype of 2 × 3 antenna arrays were designed and constructed on a polyimide dielectric substrate with thickness of 125 μm for operation across 0.19–0.20 THz. The dimensions of the array were 20 × 13.5 × 0.125 mm3. Metallization of the antenna was coated with 500 nm layer of Graphene. With the proposed technique the isolation between the radiating elements was improved on average by 22.5 dB compared to a reference array antenna with no SIW isolation. The performance of the array was enhanced by transforming the patch to exhibit metamaterial characteristics. This was achieved by embedding the patch antennas in the array with sub-wavelength slots. Compared to the reference array the metamaterial inspired structure exhibits improvement in isolation, radiation gain and efficiency on average by 28 dB, 6.3 dBi, and 34%, respectively. These results show the viability of proposed approach in developing antenna arrays for application in sub-THz integrated circuits