The muscle spindle 0f the rat: Peculiarities of motor innervation and ultrastructure and effect of increased activity.

The ultrastructures of intrafusal muscle fibers and motor endings in the rat’s Quadrieeps femoris (Q.FEMOR) have some peculiarities. They are expressed by a deficit of static component in motor innervation, as one static nuclear chain intrafusal fiber is devoid of motor innervation, and polyneuronal innervation of the dynamic bag] intrafusal fiber with gamma and beta motor axons of appropriate motoneurons. Reduced motor static component and polyneuronal innervation strengthen the influences of the dynamic intrafusal fiber in muscle spindle of Q. FEMOR muscle. Ability of the bagl plasma membrane to form finger-like projections in the vicinity of motor axonal terminals establishes more close synaptic contact and quick transmission of information concerning changes of muscle length of Q.FEMOR muscle to the CNS. The bag1 intrafusal fiber is coinnervated by the beta axon together with oxidative type of extrafusal muscle fiber.Comparison of the effect of prolonged muscular activity on the ultrastructure of the muscle spindles in Q.FEMOR and SOL shows that in SOL intrafusal muscle fibres indicate some signs of destruction of myofibrils and other cell organelles.Intrafusal muscle fibers being located in the SOL muscle adapt themselves to increased activity with a mechanism of response reaction similar to that of extrafusal fibers, although the changes in intrafusal muscle fibers are considerably smallerthan those in extrafusal fibers

The effect of activity on the rat skeletal muscle contractile apparatus

In 35 m/min running rats the myosin heavy chains have a faster turnover rate in all three types of skeletal muscle fibers. In the ease of 95 m/min running rats the myosin heavy chains turned over faster only in fast-glyeolytie and fast-oxidative-glycolytie type of muscle fibers. The turnover rate of myosin light chains remained at the control animals’ level. 95 mlmin running exercise caused significant alterations in myosin heavy chain isoforms percentage —the decrease in type I and IIb of myosin heavy chain isoforms and the increase in type lla/d of myosin heavy chain isoforms. At the same time the turnover rate of the total myosin heavy chain fraction showed the inerease.The ratio of myosin heavy chains and actin decreased inglycolytie type of muscle fibers in 95 mlmin running rats

The change in the residential real estate price on comparison with gross earnings in 2005-2019 in diferent regions of Estonia

Magistritöö Majandusarvestuse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalAntud magistritöö teema on aktuaalne, kuna kinnisvara hinnad muutuvad tsükliliselt ning eelnevast kinnisvara hindade langusest on möödas küllalt pikk aeg. Magistritöö eesmärgiks on hinnata, kas erinevates Eesti maakondades on brutotöötasu ja kinnisvara hindade muutuste vahel tugevad seosed või need puuduvad. Töös on kasutatud statistikaameti brutotöötasu andmeid ning maa-ameti hinnastatistikat korteriomandite ja elamute ruutmeetri mediaanhinna kohta. Töös on kasutatud kirjeldavat analüüsi ning regressioonanalüüsi. Kõiki maakondi on analüüsitud eraldi. Maakondade analüüsist selgus, et ajavahemikul 2005-2019 on statistiliselt oluline seos korteriomandite ruutmeetri mediaanhinna ja brutotöötasu vahel vaid kahes maakonnas: Harju- ja Tartu maakonnas. Elamute ruutmeetri mediaanhinna ja brutotöötasu vahel osutusid statistiliselt oluliseks seitsme maakonna seosed. Statistiliselt oluliste maakondade korrelatsioonikordaja näitaja on keskmine kuni tugev. Huvitavaks tulemuseks osutus negatiivne seos Valga maakonnas, kus elamu ruutmeetri mediaanhind hoopiski kahanes brutotöötasu kasvades. Analüüsi käigus selgus, et statistiliselt olulised ei ole kõikide maakondade tulemused ning analüüsi tulemus sõltub analüüsitavast perioodist. Magistritööd on võimalik edasi arendada, uurides süvitsi põhjuseid, miks ei ole väiksemates maakondades kinnisvara mediaanhind kasvanud samas tempos nagu suuremates Eesti maakondades ning uurida asukohapõhiseid tegureid lähemalt. Samuti saab luua mudelid, et prognoosida järgmist elukondliku kinnisvara hindade langust.The topic of this master's thesis is up to date, because real estate prices change cyclically and a long time has passed since the previous decline fall in real estate prices. The aim of the master's thesis is to value whether there are or are not links between changes in gross earning and real estate prices in different Estonian counties. The data use the gross earnings of Statistics Estonia and the price statistics of the Land Board on the median price per square meter of apartment properties and dwellings. In the work have been used descriptive analysis and regression analysis. All counties have been analyzed separately. The analysis of the counties revealed that in the period 2005-2019, there is a statistically significant relationship between the median price per square meter of apartment ownership and gross earnings in only two counties: Harju and Tartu countie. The connections between seven counties were important between the median price per square meter of dwelling and gross earnings. The correlation coefficient of statistically significant counties is medium to strong. An interesting result turned out to be a negative relationship in Valga county, where the median price per square meter instead decreased as gross earnings increased. The analysis revealed that the results of all counties are not statistically significant and the result of the analysis depends on the analyzed period. It is possible to further develop the master's thesis by studying in depth the reasons why the median price of real estate in smaller counties has not increased at the same pace as in larger Estonian counties, and to study location-based factors in more detail. Also can create models to predict the next decline in residential real estate prices

Remodelling of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix: Effect of Unloading and Reloading

This chapter summarizes studies that examine remodelling of extracellular matrix (ECM) and role of regulatory factors of ECM during unloading and reloading. Hypokinesia has a catabolic effect on both the contractile apparatus and ECM of the skeletal muscle, causing the formation of muscle atrophy, the decrease of the synthesis of contractile proteins and disturbance of the collagen metabolism. The metabolism of fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens in ECM plays a crucial role in exercise and sport, influencing the strength development through transmission of contractile force in skeletal muscle. The impairment of motor activity and muscle strength is accompanied by the muscle atrophy. The muscle atrophy caused by inactivity and recovery from atrophy demonstrates the plasticity of muscle. Muscle mass and volume increase in a relatively short time, but the recovery of strength takes much longer and is related with the regeneration of the muscle structures. The recovery period of the contractile apparatus and ECM structures is different in slow-and fast-twitch skeletal muscle

Vaatlusmõõdiku koostamine õpetaja–õpilase suhete hindamiseks ja katsetamine videode põhjal

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5157462*es

Verbi minema omandamine: semantiline ja süntaktiline analüüs

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4484921*es

Suulise narratiivi loomisoskusest I ja II kooliastmes

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4683197*es

Biological Characteristics of Structural and Functional Remodelling in Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Exercise

Abstract For more than one and a half century, the effect of locomotory activity on skeletal muscle structure and function has been studied. It is clear that these changes depend on the mode of activity. Resistance and endurance exercise training differ in their intensity and duration as well as effects on metabolic pathways, structures of skeletal muscle, protein synthesis and degradation rate, neuromuscular junctions and muscle spindles. The purpose of this review was to compare differences and similarities in structural-functional rearrangements in skeletal muscle in endurance and resistance training and the effect of these changes on endurance and strength capacity. The main purpose of the study was to compare changes in mitochondrial and myofibrillar compartments and also changes in neuromuscular junctions in extra-and intrafusal muscle fibers. The comparison of morpho-functional changes in different skeletal muscle fiber types may help an 252 Teet Seene and Priit Kaasik exercise biologist, sport physician, endurance and strength specialist to better understand the nature of specificity of different training modes on the functional capacity of an organism and build up exercise training strategies for both recreational and top athletes