From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire

This article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Naval Arsenal (Tersane-i Amire) in Istanbul. Drawing mainly on primary documents, the article explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution. The Arsenal workers’ involvement in the revolution was rooted in their class solidarity, which was revealed in a number of ways throughout this period. The workers’ immediate embrace of the revolution was spurred by their radicalization against the state; such radicalization stemmed from the state’s failure to solve the workers’ persistent economic problems, and its attempts to discharge them and replace them with military labor. The case of the Arsenal workers thus points to the role of working-class discontent in the history of the revolution, a dimension that has thus far been only minimally addressed in Ottoman historiography

Detection of monosomy 7 in interphase cells of patients with myeloid disorders

Six patients, five with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and one with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), were found to have monosomy 7 by conventional cytogenetics at diagnosis. Repetitive DNA sequences from the heterochromatic region of human chromosomes 1 and 7 were used as probes for in situ hybridization experiments on interphase cells of these patients. A double hybridization protocol was used to reveal the particular chromosomes as distinct spots or clusters of signals within interphase nuclei. The chromosome 1 sequence served as an internal control. Simultaneous detection of the sequences showed the presence of two normal number 1 chromosomes and a missing 7 chromosome from individual cells. While cytogenetic preparations showed only -7 metaphases in 3 AML and 1 MDS patients, in situ hybridization of interphase cells showed many normal cells as well as the presence of -7 in fully mature granulocytes. One AML patient studied in remission showed only normal metaphases yet had 9% interphase cells with a missing 7 and relapsed within 3 months. We conclude that examination of interphase cells by in situ hybridization provides clinically useful data since every cell including mature granulocytes can be examined, the lineage of a cell can be determined, and efficacy of differentiation therapy can be evaluated

Study of scientific workshops for students conducted in the context of a school-university partnership

International audienceThis work focuses on the development of a tool that aims to better understand how scientific workshops conducted by university researchers are helping to provide a scientific literacy to students between 10 and 17 years old. This study presents firstly a methodology for developing an inquiry, and also focuses on the first data analysis. It is based on a questionnaire of 91 assertions, associated with four choices (referring to a Likert scale) to test students' opinions on scientific research on an epistemological, social and personal level. This inquiry was distributed to 227 students (aged 14 to 17) and internal consistency of the questions was checked. We present here the most significant results according the three levels of analysis: epistemological, socio-economy and personal. On the epistemological level, students acknowledge science as a human construction in permanent evolution. However, the ideas of challenges and dynamics of research obtained more mixed answers. About social level, students recognize that science is conducted in connection with the needs of society, but they have an elitist view of science. Concerning the result about divulgation of science, the students say the public is not sufficiently informed, because researchers don't make enough effort to popularize their work. As expected, personal level obtained the most negative responses, the majority of students have a disaffection for science and do not intend to follow a career in science. Finally, this work reflects the importance of a school-university partnership, because it is a possible way to develop students' ideas about the nature of science and scientific work

Surviving survival: nursing care at Bergen-Belsen 1945

Objective The purpose of this paper was to explore the previously little known contribution of nursing care at the liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Setting Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Primary argument The liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp became a widespread symbol of suffering when it was liberated by British forces. Films of the liberation and the appalling condition of the survivors were widely disseminated in the western Allied countries. Despite the earlier liberation of Majdanek and Auschwitz in Poland, Bergen-Belsen became fixed in the minds of the British public as an icon of the holocaust. Due to the catastrophic conditions found in the camp, doctors, nurses, medical students and aid organisations were quickly drafted into the relief effort. The work of doctors has been well publicised, however little has appeared that details the contribution of nurses. The diaries and letters of Muriel Knox Dougherty, the Australian nurse who became chief matron of the camp's nursing services have been published only in recent years. No other material has been made public; consequently the work of the nurses has yet to be fully detailed. Conclusion This paper presents the reflections and recollections of several nurses who served in the liberation nursing services. Primary sources for this paper include relevant literature, archival material including correspondence, diaries, testimonies and personal correspondence. The conclusion formed on the basis of these documents is that the work of the nurses during the liberation period was life-saving for their patients and life-changing for the nurses

Adsorption/desorption characteristics for methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide of coal samples from Southeast Qinshui Basin, China

This paper presents an experimental and modelling study of the adsorption/desorption of pure gases CH4, CO and N and their binary and ternary mixtures on coal samples obtained from southeast Qinshui Basin, China. Results show that the adsorbed amounts of N, CH4 and CO have approximate ratios of 1.0:1.3:2.4, respectively. No significant hysteresis from adsorption to desorption is observed for pure N and CH4 whereas significant hysteresis is measured for CO in CO -CH4 and CO-CH4-N mixtures and CH4 in the N -CH4 mixture. The experimental observations are modelled using three different models, namely the extended Langmuir (EL), the Langmuir-based ideal adsorbed solution (L-IAS) and the Dubinlin- Radushkevich-based ideal adsorbed solution (D-R-IAS). The models predict well the experimental observations for desorption tests. But the measurements for the low adsorbate capacity in binary and ternary mixtures are overestimated by the prediction models. It is found that the EL model predicts the CO -CH4 desorption test better while the D-R-IAS model is the best model for the CO-CH4- N adsorption

Evaluation of T1 relaxation time in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue using a Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence

Purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of T1 relaxation time (T1) for differentiating prostate cancer (PCa) from benign tissue as well as high- from low-grade PCa. Twenty-three patients with suspicion for PCa were included in this prospective study. 3 T MRI including a Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence was acquired. Subsequent targeted and systematic prostate biopsy served as a reference standard. T1 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in PCa and reference regions without malignancy as well as high- and low-grade PCa were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of T1, ADC value, and a combination of both to differentiate PCa and reference regions was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. T1 and ADC value were lower in PCa compared to reference regions in the peripheral and transition zone (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed high AUCs for T1 (0.92; 95%-CI, 0.87-0.98) and ADC value (0.97; 95%-CI, 0.94 to 1.0) when differentiating PCa and reference regions. A combination of T1 and ADC value yielded an even higher AUC. The difference was statistically significant comparing it to the AUC for ADC value alone (p = 0.02). No significant differences were found between high- and low-grade PCa for T1 (p = 0.31) and ADC value (p = 0.8). T1 relaxation time differs significantly between PCa and benign prostate tissue with lower T1 in PCa. It could represent an imaging biomarker for PCa

Tumor budding outperforms ypT and ypN classification in predicting outcome of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Budding is a complementary prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of tumor budding in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 124 patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and consecutive surgery were included. Surgical specimens were evaluated for budding and routine clinicopathological features. Budding was evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides and by cytokeratin immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS: A budding rate of 36.9% (n = 38) by H&E and 55.6% (n = 55) by IHC was observed. Budding was significantly associated with a high ypT and ypN status, poor differentiation, and low degrees of tumor regression. Moreover, budding was strongly predictive of a worse patient outcome, as measured by tumor recurrence or death. In multivariate analyses, budding remained the only significant parameter for overall survival and was even superior to the ypT and ypN status (budding in H&E: hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-6.44, p = 0.023; budding in IHC: HR 5.19, 95% CI 1.62-16.61, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Budding is a strong prognostic predictor of survival in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy. A standardized evaluation of tumor budding after neoadjuvant therapy may thus aid in risk stratification and guide the clinical management of patients with rectal cancer. Immunostaining can help to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance

BioCode: A Data-Driven Procedure to Learn the Growth of Biological Networks

Probabilistic biological network growth models have been utilized for many tasks including but not limited to capturing mechanism and dynamics of biological growth activities, null model representation, capturing anomalies, etc. Well-known examples of these probabilistic models are Kronecker model, preferential attachment model, and duplication-based model. However, we should frequently keep developing new models to better fit and explain the observed network features while new networks are being observed. Additionally, it is difficult to develop a growth model each time we study a new network. In this paper, we propose BioCode, a framework to automatically discover novel biological growth models matching user-specified graph attributes in directed and undirected biological graphs. BioCode designs a basic set of instructions which are common enough to model a number of well-known biological graph growth models. We combine such instruction-wise representation with a genetic algorithm based optimization procedure to encode models for various biological networks. We mainly evaluate the performance of BioCode in discovering models for biological collaboration networks, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, and protein interaction networks which features such as assortativity, clustering coefficient, degree distribution closely match with the true ones in the corresponding real biological networks. As shown by the tests on the simulated graphs, the variance of the distributions of biological networks generated by BioCode is similar to the known models' variance for these biological network types