Identification of Ethnomathematics of the Toraja Tribe and Its Relationship with Mathematical Concepts in Elementary Schools

Ethnomathematics is mathematics that exists in the culture. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of identifying ethnomathematics forms of the Toraja tribe and obtaining the results of the analysis of ethnomathematics relationships in the Toraja tribe in accordance with mathematical concepts in elementary schools. The method used is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques carried out in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions, and verification. The result of this study is that on the activities and artifacts of the Toraja tribal community there are ethnomathematic forms that are related to the mathematical concept in elementary school, namely tombi', the number of gayang in traditional ceremonies is related to integer operations; lola', bombongan, senuan, bingka', sokkong bayu, ma'bugi' movement pattern, ma'badong movement pattern related to the concept of circle; stone burrows, lamba-lamba, ale, la'pa', woven fabrics related to the concept of a rectangle; kandaure and paruki' motifs are related to the concept of rhombus; jipang cakes are related to the concept of cuboid; suke, patti, suling, pompang, gandang, baka, buria' and pa'piong are related to the concept of cylinder; sarong is related to the concept of cone; unuran is related to the concept of a hexagonal prism; songko' relates to the concept of the sphere; limbong pala', kutu', pongo' relates to the concept of measurement and the weaving process is related to the concept of the phytagoras theorem. &nbsp

Determination of in-situ concrete compressive strength under consideration of rearrangement effects

For the design of existing structures the concrete compressive strength and the derived mechanical parameters are of central importance. Due to safety reasons the compressive strength of existing concrete is usually set comparatively low and thus underestimated. The reasons for this are the limited numbers and the large scatter of material properties of the drill cores, which are the basis for the experimental determination of the compressive strength. In contrast to experimental tests the load in structural components of buildings usually is transferred over the area with higher stiffness and consequently with higher compressive strength. Therefore, existing strength variations within a component only play a subordinate role due to rearrangement effects. This paper deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of such rearrangement effects in order to determine the concrete compressive strength of existing structures more realistic and lay a basis for a economical design. By considering these rearrangement effects more realistic during the design of existing concrete structures, a higher number of existing buildings can be maintained without structural measures. The preservation of existing structures is not only decisive from an economic, sustainable and resource-saving point of view, but also represents an added value for cultural and social aspects

Preclinical care of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI)

The fact that injuries caused by accidents are the most common cause of death in children and adolescents in Germany gave rise to the study, which mainly deals with traffic accidents in this group. 200,221 records of emergency-service physicians in Bavaria which cover the period 1995-1999 were analysed with respect to the importance of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents (n = 721 - representing 45.8% of traffic injuries in this age group). The highest incidence of TBI was in summer (34.3%) and in the evening between 16.00 and 18.00 (23.7%). The time taken between accident and arrival of the emergency services was 8.8 ± 3.1 minutes. The preclinical phase lasted 19.3 ± 5.8 minutes. The probability of having an accident with TBI increases with age, the maximum being in the age-range 7 - 14 years (61.6%). Boys (63.2%) were almost twice as susceptible to injury as girls. 36.8% of all cases had no noticeable neurological disorder, 71.1% resulted in a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Only 6.3% had most severe neurological disorders, resulting in a GCS score of 3 - 5. Circulation parameters in the form of adapted hypotension were abnormal in only 3.4%, 21.9% of the children had a bradycardia and in 12.3% the blood oxygen saturation fell below 94%. The most frequent intervention was the laying of an i.v. line for infusions. 8.6% of the patients were intubated to allow for ventilation with oxygen. Analgesics were given in 16.7% of the cases. In 84.7% of all cases, the condition was stable and in only 3.3% was a severe deterioration to be observed. The assessments were made using both the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and Glasgow Coma Scales (GCS). Discrepancies occurred, as a NACA scale of I - III and a GCS score of < 9 was reported in 4.9% of cases. In contrast a NACA scale of IV - VI was reported with a GCS score of 15 in 30% of all cases. TBI symptoms in children are less obvious than in adults, which leads to an age-dependent restriction in implementing therapeutic measures. If these restrictions are a result of misinterpretation of the situation or due to a lack of practice in the preclinical phase, then further training and education of the physicians involved in emergency service work are necessary

Deep Learning for Land Cover Change Detection

Land cover and its change are crucial for many environmental applications. This study focuses on the land cover classification and change detection with multitemporal and multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data. To address the challenging land cover change detection task, we rely on two different deep learning architectures and selected pre-processing steps. For example, we define an excluded class and deal with temporal water shoreline changes in the pre-processing. We employ a fully convolutional neural network (FCN), and we combine the FCN with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The FCN can only handle monotemporal input data, while the FCN combined with LSTM can use sequential information (multitemporal). Besides, we provided fixed and variable sequences as training sequences for the combined FCN and LSTM approach. The former refers to using six defined satellite images, while the latter consists of image sequences from an extended training pool of ten images. Further, we propose measures for the robustness concerning the selection of Sentinel-2 image data as evaluation metrics. We can distinguish between actual land cover changes and misclassifications of the deep learning approaches with these metrics. According to the provided metrics, both multitemporal LSTM approaches outperform the monotemporal FCN approach, about 3 to 5 percentage points (p.p.). The LSTM approach trained on the variable sequences detects 3 p.p. more land cover changes than the LSTM approach trained on the fixed sequences. Besides, applying our selected pre-processing improves the water classification and avoids reducing the dataset effectively by 17.6%. The presented LSTM approaches can be modified to provide applicability for a variable number of image sequences since we published the code of the deep learning models. The Sentinel-2 data and the ground truth are also freely available

Introduction to Quantum Machine Learning

In this tutorial, we will have a first look at variational quantum machine learning (QML), which combines parametrized quantum circuits as models with a classical optimization loop. We start with a brief overview of quantum computing, highlighting its potential as well as its current limitations. Next, using the popular QML framework PennyLane, we show how to build a quantum model and integrate it into standard TensorFlow- or Torch-based ML workflows. Finally, we address pros and cons of QML and discuss open challenges in the field

Sensitization of tumor cells for T cell mediated eradication through targeted delivery of virus-derived immunogenic peptide epitopes

The work presented in this thesis aimed at the development of antibody immunoconjugates for the delivery in tumor cells of highly immunogenic T cell epitopes that mediate the antigen-specific recognition by tumoricidal T cells. For this purpose, antibody-targeted pathogen-derived peptides (ATPPs) were generated by conjugating immunodominant, cysteine-containing MHC class I peptides from Epstein-Barr or Influenza A virus to tumor antigen-specific antibodies via a disulfide bond. The integral membrane protein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) was chosen as proof of concept target, as it is upregulated on various cancer types and known to efficiently internalize after antibody binding. After binding to the target and subsequent internalization of ATPPs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging revealed that delivered peptides are released upon disulfide reduction in an early endosomal compartment, where they can be loaded into recycling MHC class I complexes. Transport of these MHC-peptide complexes to the cell surface triggers activation of human peptide-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells as revealed by interferon-γ ELISA and ELISPOT. Moreover, peptide-specific CD8+ T cells from human donors efficiently lysed ATPP-treated tumor cell lines of various cancer types in a target-dependent manner in vitro. Importantly, targeting of different tumor antigens (e.g. CD138) was equally efficient. The possibility to utilize various peptides with differing HLA-restrictions further highlights the broad applicability of the ATPP approach for T cell mediated targeting of cancer. The usage of a non-cleavable construct or an extended peptide that can not bind to MHC class I molecules additionally revealed the importance of disulfide-dependent peptide release and epitope delivery independent of the classical MHC class I antigen processing pathway. In vivo, ATPPs mediated approximately 60% tumor growth inhibition of established, PD-L1 expressing MDA-MB231 xenografts after 3 weeks of treatment in combination with αPD1-mAb therapy and adoptive transfer of human, peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in NOG mice. These data indicate the potential of ATPPs as novel immunotherapeutic agents, which can be employed to redirect pre-existing virus-specific memory T cells against cancer. Since the immune response will be directed against an exogenous, viral antigen, ATPP therapy reduces the risk for autoimmune side effects as observed with other immunotherapies. Furthermore, the use of highly immunogenic target epitopes circumvents the limitations of the T cell repertoire directed against tumor-associated auto-antigens. The flexible design of ATPPs allows development of an off-the-shelf repertoire of immunoconjugates comprising immunogenic T cell epitopes encoded by highly prevalent pathogens and presented by various high frequency HLA allotypes, thereby providing a means for T cell mediated tumor targeting in a broad patient population

Síndrome de down, história de vida e escolarização: da problematizando a inclusão até o ingresso na universidade

Com base nos resultados de um estudo de caso sobre um indivíduo que possui Síndrome de Down e que cursava Artes Cênicas em uma universidade pública no estado do Rio Grande do Sul no ano de dois mil e quatorze, este artigo busca problematizar a temática da inclusão e a área da Educação Especial. Partindo desta empiria este estudo ancorou-se principalmente em alguns referenciais bibliográficos, dentre eles: Lunardi, 2001; Menezes, 2011; Veiga-Neto e Lopes, 2007, 2011; Lopes, 2007; Osório, 2007; Eizirik, 2006; Foucault, 2008; Yin, 2001. As análises desenvolvidas apontam reflexões sobre a educação especial e a inclusão como um imperativo na contemporaneidade. Pode-se considerar que inclusão interpela os indivíduos e que do mesmo modo a educação especial e as práticas desenvolvidas nesta área, por sua tradição história, também podem produzir efeitos de verdade nas subjetividades daqueles que buscam seus serviços

Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Bus Trans Musi Di Kota Palembang

This study aims to analyze quality of service and customer satisfaction as well as the influence of the quality of service (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) to consumer satisfaction Bus Trans Musi in Palembang. Samples taken in this study of 100 respondents which were selected using purposive sampling to establish certain criteria such as a minimum age of 17 years and have used the services of trans musi minimum three times and using convenience sampling technique to select a sample with ease based on the location of corridor 2 and corridor 6. The results of this study showed that on average the lowest values are in the empathy variable with a value of 3.51 as a result of the lack of space to accommodate suggestions from consumer complaints such as a suggestion box or place a complaint through the website while having the highest average scores on the variables contained Power response to the employee's willingness to help customers and regression test results show empathy and assurance variables significantly influence the value 0.05

DIREITOS HUMANOS, CIDADANIA E O TRABALHADOR IMIGRANTE ILEGAL NO BRASIL

Este trabalho analisou a interligação existente entre os direitos humanos, os direitos de cidadania e a questão dos imigrantes que entram no país e ingressam no mercado de trabalho de maneira informal, sendo submetidos a condições de trabalho irregulares. Para isso passou primeiramente pela questão pertinente aos direitos humanos, inclusive sua evolução histórica, abrangendo as declarações de direitos, e em seguida estabelece um conceito de direitos humanos, com sua diferenciação em relação aos demais termos utilizados como sinônimos na doutrina. Abordou a questão da cidadania, primeiramente delimitando um significado para o termo, e após analisando a questão sob a perspectiva arendtiana, de cidadania como o direito a ter direitos. Na seqüência o trabalho examinou a questão do imigrante ilegal e do trabalho, e de como essa situação de irregularidade, em razão do não exercício dos direitos de cidadania, pela falta do vinculo de nacionalidade ou legalidade na permanência, acaba por privá-los de direitos fundamentais sociais relacionados ao exercício do trabalho. Concluiu que a garantia constitucional estendida a estrangeiros residentes no país deve ser analisada sob a perspectiva dos direitos humanos, entendendo como estrangeiros residentes, para fins de incidência dos direitos fundamentais devidos a todo trabalhador, aqueles que aqui permanecem com ânimo definitivo, inclusive os estrangeiros que estão à margem da regularidade formal