Photodissociation of HBr/LiF(001): A quantum mechanical model

The photodissociation dynamics of HBr adsorbed on a LiF(001) surface is studied using time-independent quantum mechanics. The photodissociation lineshape and the Br(P(sub 1/2)-2)/Br(P(sub 3/2)-2) yield ratio are computed and compared with the corresponding quantities for gas phase photodissociation. The angular distribution of the hydrogen photofragments following excitation of adsorbed HBr is computed and found to agree qualitatively with experimental data. The effect of polarization of the photon is illustrated and discussed. The field polarization is found to affect significantly the magnitude of the photodissociation signal but not the angular dependence of the photofragment distribution, in agreement with experiment and in accord with expectations for a strongly aligned adsorbed phase

Analysis of strong-field enhanced ionization of molecules using Bohmian trajectories

We theoretically investigate the mechanism of enhanced ionization in two-electron molecules by analyzing Bohmian trajectories for a one-dimensional H2 in an intense laser field. We identify both types of ionizing trajectories corresponding to the ejection from the up-field and down-field cores. The trajectories of the two electrons are correlated with each other in the former while correlation is negligible in the latter. The contributions from the two ionization types, though depending on laser intensity and internuclear distance, are comparable to each other.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

The Palermo Protocol: Why It Has Been Ineffective in Reducing Human Sex Trafficking

This paper analyzes why the United Nations’s efforts against human trafficking, specifically regarding the Palermo Protocol, have been ineffective in reducing, or even stagnating, the size of the global human sex trafficking network. It concludes that the broad wording of the Palermo Protocol has created a weak foundation from which individual countries cannot effectively create anti-trafficking legislation. Further, the United Nations’s lack of ability to enforce its legislation, along with the manipulation of self-reported statistics, have made the Palermo Protocol ineffective. This paper also finds that destination countries (countries to which victims are trafficked) bear a large share of the burden to create effective legislation against trafficking. Proposed solutions include holding Palermo Protocol signatory countries accountable to fixing their legislation and criminalizing both prostitution and the purchase of sexual services