Authentications of Myanmar National Registration Card

The automatic identification system of Myanmar national registration card (NRC) holder is presented in this paper. The proposed system can be handled the identification by the extracted low quality face image and fingerprint image from Myanmar NRC. Both of the facial recognition and fingerprint recognition system are developed for Myanmar citizenship confirmation. Age invariant face recognition algorithm is performed based on combination of DiaPCA (Diagonal principal Component Analysis) and KNN (Kth nearest neighbor classifier) approaches. An algorithm of the fingerprint recognition is proposed for recognition of the poor quality fingerprint image with fabric background.  Several experiments have been done for confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach

SAFETY THROUGH COMMUNITY IN HIGH SCHOOLS

“Safety through Community in High Schools” started out as the result of a long-time fascination with the educational system in the United States and the contradictions that exist within it. One such contradiction is the attempted inclusion of the greater community within the physical realm of the school—through the allowed use of an auditorium, for example—while simultaneously advocating for physical barriers and checkpoints which foster an air of distrust. Another contradiction on a smaller scale relates to a premise that students function best when exposed to natural sunlight. However, the need for security—elevated by the increase of mass shootings—has influenced many public schools to build with small windows, which restrict natural light and often make for an oppressive environment. This thesis aims to bring forth a design which arises out of thoughtful explorations of such contradictions between community, security, and stimulating learning environment

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of an Unknown Bioactive Organic Compound from the Root of Litsea cubeba Pers.

In this research work, preliminary phytochemical screening of one Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Litsea cubeba Pers. (Say-ta-lone) collected from Mogok, Mandalay Region was done. This test gives rise to positive for alkaloid, flavonoid, terpene, glycoside and polyphenol. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of crude extract of this compound were performed by agar well diffusion method. A pure bioactive organic compound was separated as yellow grains by modern separation methods such as thin layer and column chromatograms from the roots of Say-ta-lone. The yield percent is found to be (68 mg, 2.2 %) based upon the crude extract. The molecular formula of this compound was determined as C17H17NO5 using some sophisticated spectroscopic methods such as, FT-IR, 1H NMR (500 MHz), 13C NMR (125 MHz), HMQC, DEPT, DQF-COSY, HMBC and EI-mass spectrum respectively. Finally, this pure compound was tested for its MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) by microplate dilution method

OCCURRENCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE MYA KAN THAR LAKE, LOILEM TOWNSHIP, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE

The present study revealed that the composition and amount of microorganisms in the water sample of Mya Kan Thar Lake, Loilem Township. There are four groups of microorganisms such as phytoplankton's groups (Phyla Chlorophyta and Euglephyta), diatoms groups (phylum Chrysophyta), cyanobacteria groups (phylum Cyanophyta) and zooplanktons groups (Phyla Protozoa, Rotifera, Ciliophora, Arthropoda and Ascheminthes) were divided from the results of present study. The study period lasted from June, 2016 to November, 2016. Recorded microorganisms including nine phyla, 18 classes, 23 orders, 29 families, 51 genera and 38 species were found. Among four groups the largest total numbers and percentage (%) of recorded zooplanktons group were 100-140 and 52.46% during study period. The second largest total numbers and percentage (%) of recorded Diatoms group were 80-140 and 21.28%. The total numbers and percentage (%) of recorded phytoplanktons group were 80-100 and 18.43% during study period. The lowest total numbers and percentage (%) of recorded cyanobacteria group were 15-80 during study period. According to the results it may be therefore concluded that Mya Kan Thar Lake can be assumed non-polluted still now. On the other hand the results indicated that the water of this Lake is oligotrophic condition. The results will also provide a tool for biomonitoring of aquatic status and environmental health in natural aquatic ecosystem and to know about this Lake is suitable for resort people coming in the Mya Kan Thar Park, Loilem Township

Assessing the Viability of the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation

The terrorist attack on the Achille Lauro prompted the international community to adopt the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA) 1988, which established a legal basis for prosecuting maritime violence that did not fall within the piracy framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. To extend the range of offences covered by the Convention, it was amended by the 2005 Protocol. The Protocol, however, has been the subject of much criticism. One of the most serious criticisms of the Protocol is directed at its Article 8bis, which authorizes a state party to visit a ship flying the flag of another state party without prior authorization from the flag state on the ground of failure to respond within four hours. In fact, this provision is in conflict with the exclusive jurisdiction of a flag state over a ship flying its flag on the high seas. This is the reason why although the 2005 Protocol entered into force on 28 July 2010, until present, there are only 22 States parties, most of which are not major maritime countries. The main objective of this paper therefore is to identify shortcomings of the 2005 Protocol and assess its viability. It is suggested that the 2005 Protocol needs to be revised to cure its deficiencies in order to attract more states to become parties to it

Agriculture Changes in Ywashe Village, Patheingyi Township: Nature, Policy and Farmer's Response

Many governments adopted agricultural development policies related to crops type, land use pattern , and market for agriculture products to get the agro-based economic development. Some policies could actualize their aim and objectives, while others failed to gain their goals. If agricultural development policies are not fitted to the nature of a given area, farmers gradually adjust the policies to the form that is suitable to the natural environment. Since Myanmar shifted to market oriented economic system, distinguished policy changes were carried out in the agriculture sector. This paper tried to analyze these policy changes and farmer 's response to these changes in different natural environment from a case study of Ywashe Village, Patheingyi Township. The study emphasized on the agriculture ohanges between the 1976 and 2005. Data used in this study were derived from intensive _open interviews conducted to 7 farmers during May 2005 and structured interviews conducted to 43 villagers (6 1% of farmers who owned their land in various amount) living in Ywashe during January and February 2006. The results revealed that farmers have done minor adjustments to the government policy to fit with given natural conditions. Some adjustment involved changes in crop type while others concerned with land use pattern change. 'Both types of changes are reflected from' a combination of the conditions of nature, agricultural development pol icy, and farmer's response

A dataset of fishes in and around Inle Lake, an ancient lake of Myanmar, with DNA barcoding, photo images and CT/3D models

ミャンマーの古代湖インレー湖で一世紀ぶりに魚類相調査, 約四割が外来魚。標本の3Dモデルもオンライン公開. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-12-02.Background: Inle (Inlay) Lake, an ancient lake of Southeast Asia, is located at the eastern part of Myanmar, surrounded by the Shan Mountains. Detailed information on fish fauna in and around the lake has long been unknown, although its outstanding endemism was reported a century ago

Fortifying horn of Africa with the Djibouti code of conduct in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships: myth or reality

obally, the Djibouti Code of Conduct is the second regional agreement in combating piracy and armed robbery against ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden after the ReCAAP. Although it has great potential to contribute in suppressing these maritime crimes in the region, it does not fully address the problem due to its non-binding nature, lack of serious cooperation among Participants, narrow definition of maritime crimes, limitations in information sharing system and poor capacity building. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of the Djibouti Code of Conduct. Accordingly, the author intents to analyse its shortcomings and proposes viable solutions. In this paper, Participants are suggested to render binding legal effect to the Djibouti Code of Conduct as soon as possible for the effective suppression of increasing maritime violence crimes. It is also proposed to widen the scope of maritime crimes and include maritime terrorism. It is preferable to remove the two ships requirement from the piracy definition and include the phrase “Exclusive Economic Zone of a State Party” into the definition of armed robbery against ships. All Participants are advised to allow the hot pursuit in their territorial waters in arresting or seizing culprits and cooperate with the requesting Participant. All ships passing through the waters in the region are recommended to notify the flag state, the nearest national focal point of a Participant and the information exchange centre when any incident takes place. All information exchange centres and national focal points should also be well equipped with advanced technologies

Fish diversity of a spring field in Hopong Town, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (the Salween River Basin), with genetic comparisons to some “species endemic to Inle Lake”

Hopong, a small town in the Salween (Thanlwin) River Basin, Myanmar, is located 35 km northeast of Inle Lake, a famous ancient lake with numerous endemic fish species. We surveyed the fish fauna of a spring pond in Hopong in 2016, 2019 and 2020 and identified 25 species. Of these, seven, including Inlecypris auropurpureus and Sawbwa resplendens, had been considered endemic to Inle Lake and at least three species were genetically unique. Eight were suspected or definite introduced species, including Oreochromis niloticus and Gambusia affinis. We were unable to identify a nemacheilid species of the genus Petruichthys, which would need a taxonomic examination. The Hopong area is being developed rapidly and, hence, it is crucial to conserve its native fish species and the freshwater ecosystems