Regeneration models for old, neglected and burned olive trees

Vijek ekonomskog korištenja masline je oko 50 godina. Nakon tog razdoblja bilo bi potrebno provesti obnovu stabala. Osim obnove koja se provodi zbog starosti stabala, maslinu je potrebno obnavljati i zbog oštećanja nastalih požarom ili studeni. Postoje tri modela obnove oštećenog stabla: model obnove na panj, model obnove u krošnju i model obnove pojačanom rezidbom. Koji model će se primijeniti ovisi o razlogu zbog kojeg provodimo obnovu i o stupnju oštećenja stabla. Radi neravnoteže između korjenovog sustava i nadzemnog dijela obnovljena stabla imaju intenzivan rast te tako veoma brzo dolaze u produktivnu dob. U starim nasadima masline pri provedbi zahvata obnove potrebno je obaviti nadosadnju drugim sortama i sortama oprašivačima. Za kvalitetnu obnovu potrebno je u obnovljenim nasadima provoditi pojačanu ishranu i redovitu agrotehniku obnovljenih stabala.Period of economic exploitation of olive-growes is about 50 years. After that period it would be necessary to realise the regeneration of tree. Beside regeneration of old age olive trees it is also necessary to conduct regeneration of trees damaged by fire or cold. There are three models of tree regeneration: regeneration model on trunk, regeneration model of tree top and regeneration model by intensive cutting. The model that should be applied is dependent on reason that caused necessity for regeneration and also dependent on stage of tree damage. Imbalance between root system and above-ground part of plant causes intensive growth of regenerated tree and fast transition to reproductive period. In old olive-growes additional-planting with another cultivars and pollinators is recommended. For quality final regeneration of olive trees intensified application of plant nutrition and regularly agrotechnics is required

OVERCOMING OR SUPPRESSING ECOFEMINISM?

Since problems of ecofeminism are orientated not only towards contemporary times, but also towards future, this paper will examine the role of technique in an attempt of their resolving. Post-modern, lets call it fluid, understanding of the Being as plurality is given as an alternative to often criticized horizon of classical metaphysic (reduced on monistic or factual understanding of Being in a sense of something that is given, firm and/or unchangeable). Precisely that post-modern understanding is often appreciated as a solution of ecological and feminist issues. Does a unity of a man and the machine, the same unity which bare attempt has produced ecological and other problems that we are affronting, truly offer their solution or do the old conditions of domination over women and domination over nature transfer in the idea of transhuman beings? Is the world of information as the essence of a cultural (human) world a solution of a „problem‟ of natural or is it a path to a new, repetitive, slavery? As an effort of answering this and other questions, reasoning of the idea of transhumanism (Bostrom – Sloterdijk) in a feminist discourse (Haraway) will be related to epistemological understanding of technique (Heidegger, Gehlen). This appreciation will be comprehended as the finalization of a dominant „stiff‟ metaphysical understanding of nature (as something that can be realized)

Moralische Verbesserung oder Übelreduktion: Ist eine bessere Welt möglich?

In an attempt to widen the perspective on the issue of moral enhancement, this paper raises the question of what kind of evil could we eliminate by morally enhancing ourselves, i.e. what kind of evil would we still have to live with. Due to the complexity and diversity of philosophical analysis of evil, this study will be narrowed in scope by conforming to an implicit understanding of evil by some of the most prominent advocates of biomedical (moral) enhancement. We will compare two perspectives on evil: evil as a component of human nature – radical evil (Immanuel Kant), and “depersonalized” evil – the banality of evil (Hannah Arendt), together with an implicit consideration of evil by Thomas Douglas, Julian Savulescu, Ingmar Persson, and John Harris. Furthermore, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s “Theodicy” will be used in the analysis of the necessity of the reduction of evil, in order to emphasise that human beings have limited knowledge, which is why we should take into consideration the principle of caution and the fragility of balance between good and evil. In the conclusion, we offer an answer to the question “What is a better world?” by taking into consideration often neglected tradition of moral philosophy in the works of Immanuel Kant and Hannah Arendt.U cilju davanja što šire slike vezano za temu moralnog poboljšanja, u radu se pitamo koje je oblike zla moguće eliminirati kroz moralno poboljšanje, odnosno koji bi oblici zla i dalje opstali. S obzirom na složenost i raznolikost filozofskih analiza zla, naš će fokus biti nešto uži, pa ćemo se baviti implicitnim razumijevanjem zla nekolicine najistaknutijih zagovornika biomedicinskog (moralnog) poboljšanja. Usporedit ćemo dvije perspektive zla: zlo kao sastavni aspekt ljudske prirode – radikalno zlo (Immanuel Kant) i „depersonalizirano“ zlo – banalnost zla (Hannah Arendt), kao i implicitna razmatranja zla u radovima Thomasa Douglasa, Juliana Savulescua, Ingmara Perssona i Johna Harrisa. Nadalje, koristit ćemo „Teodiceju“ Gottfrieda Wilhelma Leibniza u analizi nužnosti redukcije zla, kako bismo naglasili činjenicu da je ljudsko znanje ograničeno, što svakako trebamo uzeti u obzir pri razmatranju principa opreza i lomljive ravnoteže između dobra i zla. U zaključku pokušavamo podati odgovor na pitanje: „Što je to bolji svijet?“, uzimajući u obzir često zanemarenu tradiciju moralne filozofije u djelima Immanuela Kanta i Hanne Arendt.Um ein möglichst umfangreiches Bild zum Thema moralische Verbesserung zu geben, fragen wir uns in dieser Arbeit danach, welche Formen des Übels man durch eine moralische Verbesserung eliminieren kann, bzw. welche Formen des Übels auch weiterhin bestehen würden. Hinsichtlich der Komplexität und der Verschiedenartigkeit von philosophischen Analysen des Übels, werden wir uns darauf enger fokussieren und uns mit dem impliziten Verständnis des Übels einiger der eminentesten Befürworter der biomedizinischen (moralischen) Verbesserung befassen. Wir werden zwei Perspektiven des Übels vergleichen: das Übel als ein Bestandsaspekt der menschlichen Natur – radikales Übel (Immanuel Kant) und „depersonalisiertes“ Übel – die Banalität des Übels (Hannah Arendt), sowie die impliziten Betrachtungen des Übels in den Werken von Thomas Douglas, Julian Savulescu, Ingmar Persson und John Harris. Weiterhin werden wir uns der Theodizee von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz bei der Aanalyse der Notwendigkeit der Übelreduktion bedienen, um die Tatsache zu betonen, dass das menschliche Wissen beschränkt ist, was wir bei der Betrachtung der Vorsichtsprinzipien und des zerbrechlichen Gleichgewichts zwischen Gut und Übel unbedingt berücksichtigen müssen. Zum Schluß versuchen wir, die Frage zu beantworten: „Eine bessere Welt? – Was ist das“, indem wir die oft vernachlässigte Tradition der Moralphilosophie in den Werken von Immanuel Kant und Hannah Arendt in Rücksicht nehmen

Hydrochemical characterization of a Dinaric karst catchment in relation to emerging organic contaminants

The main findings of a hydrochemical investigation conducted within a typical Dinaric karst catchment located in Southern Croatia are outlined. The studied aquifer is drained by the Jadro and Žrnovnica springs, which are important for the regional and local water supplies, respectively. Presumably, there is intercatchment groundwater flow coming from the neighbouring Cetina River catchment. Various factors governing aquifer hydrochemistry and their interplay with emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) that were detected at different water resources in ng/L concentrations was assessed. A total of 26 sampling campaigns (October 2019 – October 2022) were conducted at two springs, in a river and at a deep borehole, all representative of this complex hydrogeological system. Assessment of major ion constituents and saturation indices calculated with PHREEQC revealed the sampled water resources are of a Ca-HCO3 type due to the predominant weathering of the carbonate mineral calcite. Sharp spikes observed in chemographs indicated a highly karstified system with an effective conduit network allowing rapid spring responses to precipitation events. Water resources are of good chemical status, as affirmed by anthropogenic contamination indicators, with nitrates, chlorides and sulphates all below maximum threshold values. Strong positive correlations were found between EOCs concentration, number of detected compounds, and nitrates in the Cetina River, indicating a common origin, most likely wastewater. Identification of persistent EOCs including widely used repellent N,N-diethyl- metatoluamide (DEET) during base flow conditions and its strong positive correlation with the Ca2+ content in both the Cetina and Jadro samples, suggests potential storage in the epikarst and aquifer matrix. This coupling of conventional hydrochemical indicators and novel markers of anthropogenic impacts, including EOCs, in vulnerable karst water resources is a crucial advancement in the assessment and management of emerging environmental and potential human health risks. Such an approach is pivotal for the sustainable protection of hydrogeologically intricate sites