Natuurbeleid en bestuurlijke ontwikkelingen: de piramide voorbij?

In dit essay wordt bekeken wat voor gevolgen multi-actor governence heeft voor het natuurbeleid, met als organiserend concept de beweging van piramide naar archipe

Mål med mening? NAV-kontorenes valg av indikatorer etter endring i målekortet fra 2013

Tema for denne oppgaven er mål- og resultatstyring i den statlige delen av NAV-kontoene i Oslo. Nærmere bestemt bruken av balansert målstyring gjennom styringsverktøyet målekort. Arbeids- og velferdsdirektoratet bestemte i 2013 at NAV-kontorenes målekort skulle reduseres fra 40 obligatoriske resultatindikatorer til 13. Ut over disse 13 kan NAV-kontorene tilføye de tilleggsindikatorene de selv finner hensiktsmessig. I første beskrivende del av oppgaven undersøkes det hvordan målekortene for alle de 15 NAV-kontorene i Oslo har blitt endret. Gjennom en dokumentstudie er de studert både med hensyn til sentrale styringsdokumenter, og hva slags resultatindikatorer som er lagt inn. Disse funnene er undersøkt på bakgrunn av teori om balansert målstyring. Andre del er en case-studie hvor det undersøkes hva som kan være årsaken til hvordan målekortet er endret. Det ble gjennomført 15 semistrukturerte intervju med 3 enhetsledere, 3 avdelingsledere og 12 veiledere fra 3 ulike NAV-kontor i Oslo. Hypotesene som lå til grunn for denne undersøkelsen er basert på instrumentell og kulturell teori:  Det NAV-kontoret som ikke har lagt til indikatorer (ut over de som er angitt fra overordnet myndighet) har en ledelsesorientert ledergruppe.  De NAV-kontorene som har lagt til indikatorer har en mer styringsorientert ledergruppe. Undersøkelsen viste at NAV-kontorene har reagert ganske likt på den nye frihetsgraden. De har ikke lagt til veldig mange tilleggsindikatorer, og de som er lagt til er forholdsvis like. Åtte kontor har ikke lagt til ekstra resultatindikatorer i det hele tatt, og det kan ikke sees i sammenheng med hvorvidt ledergruppen er styrings- eller ledelsesorientert.The topic of this thesis is objectives and performance management in the governmental part of NAV offices in Oslo and the use of balanced scorecard management tool scorecards. In 2013 the Directorate of Labor and Welfare decided that the NAV offices scorecards should be reduced from 40 mandatory performance indicators to 13. In addition to these 13 indicators the NAV offices may add indicators they deem appropriate. The first descriptive part of the thesis examines how the scorecard in all 15 offices in Oslo has been changed. By analyzing central policy documents, and what kind of result indicators placed findings are examined in the light of theory of balanced scorecard. The second part is a case study which examine what could be the reason of how the scorecards is changed. 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three unit heads, three department heads and 8 consultants from three different NAV offices in Oslo. The hypothesis underlying this study is based on instrumental and cultural theory.  NAV offices that have not added indicators have a managerial oriented management team.  NAV offices that have added indicators have a controller oriented management team. The survey shows that the NAV offices have reacted quite similar to the option of adding additional indicators. They have not added very many additional indicators, and those that are added are relatively similar. Eight offices have not added additional performance indicators. In this study we cannot identify the relationship between choosing additional indicators and whereas the managerial team is management- or control oriented.Master i styring og ledels

Twee jaar ILG: tijd voor de gebieden. Provincies op zoek naar een nieuwe rol in gebiedsprocessen

Met het ingaan van het Investeringsbudget Landelijk Gebied (ILG) in 2007, brak een nieuw hoofdstuk aan voor de verhoudingen tussen rijk en provincies in het landelijk gebied. Het ILG is bedoeld om gebiedsgerichte samenwerking te stimuleren en daarmee de rijksdoelen in het natuur- en plattelandsbeleid te realiseren. De verwachtingen zijn torenhoog, vooral voor provincies. In dit artikel bespreken we de gevolgen van het ILG voor de verhoudingen tussen provincies en gebieden. We doen dat aan de hand van twee gebieden: de Krimpenerwaard en Utrecht Midden-Noord

Ruimte voor elkaar: Een essay over decentralisatie in het natuurbeleid

This project concerns an analysis of recent developments regarding decentralisation in national nature policy. We see decentralisation here as a transfer of tasks. But it is a multifaceted issue. As a 'decentralised single state', the Netherlands is traditionally characterised by co-government. We look at four policy dossiers here: 1) the Nature Conservancy Act, 2) the Impulse for Species Policy, 3) the Investment Budget for Rural Areas, 4) the Spatial Policy Document. An important finding is that a more definite link is required between the decentralised character of decision-making and the conditions for working in practice within the networks. Dit project betreft een analyse van recente ontwikkelingen rond de decentralisatie in het nationale natuurbeleid. Decentralisatie zien we hier als overdracht van taken. Maar het is een veelzijdig vraagstuk. Nederland als een 'gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat' heeft altijd te maken met uitvoering in medebewind. We behandelen hier vier beleidsdossiers: 1) de Natuurbeschermingswet, 2) de Impuls voor het Soortenbeleid, 3) het Investeringsbudget Landelijk Gebied, 4) de Nota Ruimte. Een belangrijke bevinding is dat een meer nadrukkelijke koppeling nodig is tussen het decentrale karakter van besluiten en de condities voor het werken in de praktijk binnen de netwerken.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Sturing op natuurbeleid in het Investeringsbudget Landelijk gebied

De regie over de aanpak van natuurbeleidsproblemen verschuift met de invoering van het ILG in 2007 verder naar de provincies. Doel is het realiseren van een slagvaardiger sturing van het landelijk gebied door het rijk meer op afstand te laten sturen. Het betreft hier beleidsterreinen als: natuur, landschap, landbouw, recreatie, groen en milie

Natuur en gebieden: tussen regels en praktijk De omgang met bestuurlijke spanningen in drie gebieden

This project looks at the tension between area-based work and generic Dutch nature policy. Three areas were investigated: Gaasterland, De Groene Long and the Noordelijke Friese Wouden. The results show that while area-based working methods are necessary, the areas are forced to deal with an overwhelming number of policies and demands. On the other hand, governments cannot develop a separate policy for each area. More coherent investments in relationships based on mutual trust, professionalisation and communicative policy should go hand in hand with the development of the Rural Areas Investment Budget. Dit project gaat over de spanning tussen gebiedsgericht werken en het generieke Nederlandse natuurbeleid. Drie gebieden zijn onderzocht: Gaasterland, De Groene Long en de Noordelijke Friese Wouden. De resultaten laten zien dat gebiedsgerichte werkwijzen noodzakelijk zijn, maar dat de gebieden kampen met de hoeveelheid beleid en eisen. Andersom geldt dat overheden niet voor elk gebied beleid kunnen ontwikkelen. Meer samenhangende investeringen in vertrouwensrelaties, professionalisering en communicatief beleid dienen hand in hand te gaan met het ontwikkelen van het Investeringsbudget Landelijk Gebied (ILG).Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Programma beheer : leren van omliggende landen

De EU schrijft voor dat regelingen voor agrarisch natuurbeheer geëvalueerd worden op effectiviteit en efficiëntie, maar schrijft geen methodiek voor. Dit artikel vergelijkt de situatie in Engeland, Noordrijn-Westfalen, Vlaanderen, Frankrijk en Denemarken met die van Nederland. Daarbij ligt de nadruk op de vraag in hoeverre regelingen centraal dan wel decentraal worden aangestuur

Mobilising investors for Blue Growth

The European Union's Blue Growth Strategy is a long term strategy to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors, aiming to contribute to innovation and economic growth (European Commission, 2012). The EU sees the financial sector as a key partner to bring about transition to sustainable consumption and production. However, knowledge about investment behavior, experience with working with these investors, and ways to engage investors in the Blue Growth sectors is lacking. This paper examines this knowledge gap. It characterizes investors and identifies investor behavior, investors' motives, and conditions and criteria relevant for investors to invest in Blue Growth sectors. The presented results are derived from a literature study on investors and investment behavior, an electronic survey and in-depth interviews. Stereotypical images of private equity bankers or wealthy individuals do not do justice to the diversity of investors involved in the Blue Growth sectors. These sectors are still in development and various risks reduce the willingness to invest. Risk mitigation should be seen as a shared responsibility of entrepreneurs, investors and governments. Government support must go further than financial support for research and development or technological demonstration projects. Proven technologies get stuck in the Valley of Death as investors alone are not willing to take the risk associated with upscaling of promising technologies. Tied in a reciprocal relationship, governments need to attract private investors—their capital, knowledge, and networks—to further grow of the Blue Growth sectors while investors need stable, predictable, and effective government support schemes to mitigate their financial risks

Quantitative Methods for Tracking Cognitive Change 3 Years After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Background: The analysis and interpretation of change in cognitive function test scores after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Longitudinal studies with multiple outcomes present considerable statistical challenges. Application of hierarchical linear statistical models can estimate the effects of a surgical intervention on the time course of multiple biomarkers. Methods: We use an analyze then summarize approach whereby we estimate the intervention effects separately for each cognitive test and then pool them, taking appropriate account of their statistical correlations. The model accounts for dropouts at follow-up, the chance of which may be related to past cognitive score, by implicitly imputing the missing data from individuals’ past scores and group patterns. We apply this approach to a study of the effects of CABG on the time course of cognitive function as measured by 16 separate neuropsychological test scores, clustered into 8 cognitive domains. The study includes measurements on 140 CABG patients and 92 nonsurgical controls at baseline, and 3, 12, and 36 months. Including a nonsurgical control group allows comparison of changes in cognition over time between the surgery group and patients with similar risk factors, controlling for potential effects of aging and vascular disease. Results: We find that CABG patients have very longitudinal changes from baseline in cognitive function similar to those observed for nonsurgical controls. Any small differences tend to favor greater improvement in CABG patients than in the nonsurgical controls. Conclusions: The methods used have application to a wide range of intervention studies in which multiple biomarkers are followed over time to quantify health effects. Software to implement the methods in commonly used statistical packages is available from the authors at http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/research/software.shtml