A non-negative analogue of the Kouchnirenko formula

According to the Kouchnirenko theorem, the Milnor number of an isolated function singularity satisfying certain non-degeneracy condition is equal to an alternating sum (called the Newton number) of the volumes of some polytopes associated with the Newton polyhedron of the singularity. We give a non-negative analogue (without negative summands) of the Kouchnirenko formula and generalize it to a formula for the difference of Milnor numbers of generic singularities with embedded Newton polyhedra. The new formula is supposed to be a hint to the solution of the Arnold's problem on monotonicity of the Newton number. This formula is obtained from the calculation of the asymptotic behavior of critical points of a generic line perturbation of a singularity with a fixed Newton polyhedron, and a new expression for the mixed volume.Comment: 64 pages, 46 figure

Features Smelting of Iron and Silicate Materials in the Solid Fuel Low Shaft Furnace

Рассмотрен процесс плавки чугуна и силикатных материалов в твердотопливной низкошахтной печи (вагранке) при замене кокса антрацитом и тощими углями. Приведено теоретическое и практическое обоснование основных технологических параметров процесса. Установлен оптимальный уровень загрузки материалов при плавке чугуна и силикатных материалов в твердотопливной низкошахтной печи, способ подачи дутья в кислородную зону печи и температура дутьяThe process of smelting iron and silicate materials in the solid fuel low shaft furnace (cupola) by replacing coke by anthracite and lean coal. The theoretical and practical study of the basic technological parameters of the process. The optimal level of loading of materials in the smelting of iron and silicate materials in the solid-low shaft oven, a method of supplying oxygen into the blast zone of the furnace and the blast temperatur

Polycomplexes of Hyaluronic Acid and Borates in a Solid State and Solution: Synthesis Characterization and Perspectives of Application in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

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Cobalt Doped Nanotubular Titanium Oxide

This paper presents a study Co-doped nanotubular titanium oxide (Co-NTO) obtained by anodizing at 30 V 40 min. Cobalt doping of NTO was carried out by immersion in a solution of 0.1 M cobalt nitrate for various times, followed by annealing in air.The authors appreciate the support of this work within the government assignment № AAAA-A19-119110190048-7

Obtaining and Photocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped Nanotubular Titanium Oxide

Photocatalytic properties of Ni-doped nanotubular titanium oxide(Ni-NTO) obtained by anodizing at 30 V anodizing voltage and duration about 40 minutes was studied. Nickel doping of NTO was carried out by immersion in a solution of 0.1 M nickel nitrate for various times, followed by annealing in air.The authors appreciate the support of this work within the government assignment № AAAA-A19-119110190048-7

Contemporary issues in ensuring biological safety during disposal of biological wastes of animal origin by incineration in the Russian Federation

Animal management and breeding as well production, transportation, preparation, and processing of animal products and raw material result in generation of a considerable amount of biological wastes being a source of biological contamination of the environment and a clear threat to human and animal health. The animal biowaste incineration units are high threat facilities and require constant surveillance and control. Collection and analysis of data provided by the RF veterinary executive authorities were performed to objectively reflect the actual situation of the biological waste incineration facilities in the RF Subjects and to create a holistic view on the problem of interest in the country. The following parameters were analyzed: their number, type (stationary and mobile), type of ownership, location, availability of the certificate and highly-qualified specialists serving the biological waste incineration equipment as well as the availability of such facilities in the RF Subjects as for January 1, 2021. The analysis demonstrated that 4,459 biowaste incinerators were registered in the country. Most of these units are stationary and they belong to establishments involved in farm animal keeping, animal product processing, production and storing. Such equipment is mostly serviced by non-qualified staff ignorant of the technical characteristics and operating principles of this equipment. Almost one third of these units in the country are home made that is why their use does not guarantee complete destruction of biological wastes and pathogen inactivation. It was also revealed that the procedure for the incineration of biological waste of animal origin using home made incinerators is not legally fixed in the country. The results obtained show that the situation of the animal biowaste incineration in the Russian Federation is quite complicated

РЕСУРСО- И ЭКОЛОГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВТОРИЧНЫХ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ

The main directions of resource-saving and environment-saving technologies of fabrication of secondary aluminum alloys in modern industrial conditions are considered. The types of feedstocks and applied smelting aggregates are analyzed, and promising ways of the further improvement of this production process are shown. It is revealed that the traditional method of processing secondary aluminum feedstock, which is widely used in practice, is the thermal treatment in the medium of molten chloride salts. Salt-free technologies of processing aluminum dross, which are based on separation of metal and oxides by mechanical effect on them in conditions of high temperatures in the medium of the furnace atmosphere or collector metal, are proposed. Their advantages compared with a widespread salt technology are considered: materials applied to treat the melt are substantially lower-cost than alkali metal chlorides; dump slags are environmentally pure; the process has high productivity since it is performed in one metallurgical aggregate, which excludes the necessity to perform operations of cleaning the walls and bottom part in it. The examples of implementation of considered salt-free technologies of processing aluminum feedstock in conditions of several Russian metallurgical enterprises are shown.Рассмотрены основные направления ресурсо- и экологосберегающих технологий получения вторичных алюминиевых сплавов в современных производственных условиях. Проведен анализ видов сырья и применяемых плавильных агрегатов, показаны перспективные пути дальнейшего совершенствования данного производственного процесса. Выявлено, что традиционным промышленным способом переработки вторичного алюминиевого сырья, широко используемым на практике, является термическая обработка в среде расплавленных смесей хлоридов. Предложены бессолевые технологии переработки алюминиевых шлаков, основанные на разделении металла и оксидов путем механического воздействия на них в условиях высоких температур в среде печной атмосферы или металла-коллектора. Рассмотрены их преимущества по сравнению с широко распространенной солевой технологией: материалы, применяемые для обработки расплава, существенно дешевле хлоридов щелочных металлов; отвальные шлаки являются экологически чистыми; процесс имеет высокую производительность, так как осуществляется в одном металлургическом агрегате, что исключает необходимость проведения в нем операции чистки стенок и донной части. Показаны примеры реализации рассмотренных бессолевых технологий переработки алюминиевого сырья в условиях нескольких российских металлургических предприятий

TiO2 paste for DSSC photoanode: preparation and optimization of application method

Received: 27.03.2020. Accepted: 20.10.2020. Published:30.12.2020.We propose a simple method of TiO2 paste preparation from titania powder (Degussa) and organic binders (terpineol, ethyl cellulose) for making a continuous photoactive layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The prepared paste was characterized by using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction methods for comparison with commercial paste (Solaronix). The TiO2 layer parameters for applying and annealing were optimized by varying the layer thickness and using different masks. The surface morphology of annealed layers was controlled by optical microscopy. Before TiO2 paste applying and after annealing, the conductive glass (fluorine-tin oxide — FTO) was treated by TiCl4 hydrochloric acid solution. The structure of DSSCs were composed FTOglass / TiO2 layer sensitized Ruthenium complex (N719 dye)/ iodide-based electrolyte / Pt counter electrode/ FTO glass. The DSSC photovoltaic characteristics were measured under AM 1.5G irradiation and demonstrated to be close to those of photoanodes based on the prepared and commercial pastes.The team of authors is grateful to the Russian Science Foundation for financial support, grant No. 17‑79‑20165. A. S Steparuk would like to acknowledge the financial support for the analytical studies of synthesized compounds from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the State Assignment for Research (project no. AAAA-A19‑119012490006‑1)

Surface topology, electrophysical properties and formation mechanism of tin(ii) sulfide thin films

Photosensitive nanocrystalline SnS films with a size of coherent X-ray scattering regions of about 30 nm were obtained by chemical bath deposition. It has been demonstrated that the deposition time affects significantly both microstructure and thickness of the film as well as the size of the particles’ agglomerates forming the film. The current sensitivity of the obtained films was studied. All synthesized films, regardless of the duration of synthesis, reveal p-type conductivity due to Sn vacancies. Atomic force microscopy measurements and fractal approach provide a detailed description of the processes occurring during film formation. The characteristics of the fabricated SnS films are potentially useful for design of advanced absorbing layers within thin film solar cells. © Kozhevnikova N.S., Maskaeva L.N., Enyashin A.N., Tyutyunnik A.P., Lipina O.A., Selyanin I.O., Markov V.F., 2023.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka; Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ISSC UB RASPACS 81.10.Dn, 82.60.Lf, 82.70.Dd, 81.05.Hd ABSTRACT Photosensitive nanocrystalline SnS films with a size of coherent X-ray scattering regions of about 30 nm were obtained by chemical bath deposition. It has been demonstrated that the deposition time affects significantly both microstructure and thickness of the film as well as the size of the particles’ agglomerates forming the film. The current sensitivity of the obtained films was studied. All synthesized films, regardless of the duration of synthesis, reveal p-type conductivity due to Sn vacancies. Atomic force microscopy measurements and fractal approach provide a detailed description of the processes occurring during film formation. The characteristics of the fabricated SnS films are potentially useful for design of advanced absorbing layers within thin film solar cells. KEYWORDS tin(II) sulfide, thin films, chemical bath deposition, p-type conductivity, quantum-chemical calculations, formation mechanism ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was carried out in accordance with the scientific and research plans and state assignment of the ISSC UB RAS and Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program (Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation). FOR CITATION Kozhevnikova N.S., Maskaeva L.N., Enyashin A.N., Tyutyunnik A.P., Lipina O.A., Selyanin I.O., Markov V.F. Surface topology, electrophysical properties and formation mechanism of tin(ii) sulfide thin films. Nanosystems: Phys. Chem. Math., 2023, 14 (6), 699–704

THE EFFECT OF ILLUMINATION ON THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE CONDUCTIVITY OF THE CdPbS THIN FILMS

The results of a study of the effect of illumination on the current-voltage characteristics of CdPbS thin films are presented. The current of the illuminated samples is approximately 10 times higher than the current of the non-illuminated ones due to the generation of addi-tional electron-hole pairs.Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № Н687.42Б.223/20) и при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ 20-48-660041р_а