Premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths of shendi town, west Gojjam zone, North Western Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Youth who begin early pre-marital sexual activity are more likely to be engaged in unsafe sex. Early sexual debut puts them at increased risk for acquiring or transmitting sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; and makes them highly vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy and its consequences. This study was conducted to assess premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths in North West Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried among 826 in school youths from December; 2011 to January; 2012 in Shendi town. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between premarital sexual practices and selected exposure variables. RESULTS: Nearly one fifth 157 (19%) of the participants reported having had premarital sexual intercourse, of which 91 (22.7%) were males and 66 (15.5%) were females. The mean (SD) age at first sexual intercourse was 16 .48 (1.59) for males and 15.89 (1.68) for females. More than three - fourth of sexually active in-school youths engaged in premarital sexual relationship before celebrating their 18th birthday. Being greater than 20 years (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.98, 6.82), living with friends or relatives (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.46, 4.16), living alone (without parental control (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.38, 4.55) and watching pornographic movies (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.53) were found to be significantly associated with premarital sexual practices. CONCLUSION: A significant number of in-school youths had started premarital sexual activity that might predispose them to different sexual and reproductive health risks. Therefore, various efforts need to be initiated through school-based information, education, and behavioral change communication, interventions, such as life skills education and negotiation

О некоторых особенностях структуры участков коры выветривания серпентинитов Кемпирсайского массива

New diode laser devices use the modular character of diode lasers to form beam shapes that are adapted to the processing task. In this paper cutting and welding applications of these tools are presented. A linear laser line is applied for the cutting-to-length of coil material. Diode laser modules that form an annular laser spot are utilized for optical flame cutting of steel material and simultaneous welding of annular seams. Furthermore, cutting of thin materials with a diode laser cutting plotter device is demonstrated. Moreover, new results of welding experiments with commercial diode lasers are presented

PREGLED HIBRIDNIH TERMOELEKTRIČNIH SISTEMOV

The primary objective of this paper is to review state-of-the-art hybrid photovoltaic/thermal systems and their performance analysis. The paper is designed to facilitate the comparison and evaluation of results obtained by other authors. The review was carried out for different types and designs of photovoltaic/thermal modules in indoor and outdoor conditions, as well as for different cooling types and materials.Cilj prispevka je pregled stanja hibridnih termoelektričnih sistemov in njihove učinkovitosti delovanja. Struktura prispevka je tematsko zasnovana tako, da olajša primerjavo in ovrednotenje rezultatov meddrugimi študijami. Pregled je izveden za različne tipe in oblike termoelektričnih modulov, ter za različne vrste hlajenja in uporabljenih materialov

Risk factors associated with oesophageal malignancy among Ethiopian patients: a case control study

Background: The incidence of Oesophageal cancer is increasing worldwide. Genetics, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are among the known risk factors for this deadly cancer.  Although Oesophageal cancer was noted to be common in Arsi and Bale regions of Ethiopia, the risk factors predisposing to this cancer have not yet been identified or reported to the best of our knowledge. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with oesophageal cancer among the study population.Methods: A case-control study where volunteer adult patients aged 18 and above with diagnosis of oesophageal cancer (cases) and non-esophageal cancer patients (controls) were included was conducted in 2015 in Addis Ababa. The patients with dysphagia were referred to Adera Medical and Gastroenterology center from various regions of the country for Endoscopy. Patient data on socio-demographic and socio-economic variables, family history of similar illness and dietary history were collected using a pre specified questionnaire Patients’ clinical features, Endoscopic diagnosis and histology reports were retrieved from patients chart. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Frequency tables and figures were used to describe cases and controls. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to establish the strength and the significance of the association between independent and outcome (development of Esophageal Cancer) variables, respectively.Results: A total of 215 patients were diagnosed to have esophageal cancer at the center during April 1,2014 through March 31, 2015. A total of 115 (55%)of cases were females with a mean age of 50 years while 96 (45%) were males with a mean age of 55 years. Most of the patients were Muslim farmers from rural Arsi and Bale regions of the country where consumption of hot wheat porridge is very common as staple diet. Majority had mid esophageal mass lesion followed by distal and proximal lesions, in 45%, 34%, and 21% of the patients, respectively. Most (88%) of the patients had Esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) while the rest 12% had adenocarcinoma on histologic diagnosis.Conclusion: Oesophageal cancer was noted to be more common among the farmers from Arsi and Bale regions of the country. Consumption of hot porridge for long time was noted to be significantly associated with having oesophageal cancer among the farmers from the two regions possibly due to the thermal effect, which could lead to dysplasia and later cancer.Keywords: Oesophageal cancer, Risk factors, Ethiopi

PENTINGNYA PELAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BAGI PESERTA DIDIK PADA TINGKAT SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA)

Character education is one focus and orientation in the education world system.  Therefore, educators should not be apathetic or indifferent to this.  School counselors, as individuals whose role is to educate and teach good character to students, must be more responsible for these good goals.  Thus, a noble goal can be implemented by students in their reel life in the context of culture and society.  The important role of a school counselor lies not only in giving suggestions and suggestions, but also in educating students with full patience and full responsibility for the problems experienced by these students.  On an individual basis, school counselors can provide services, such as individual services, individual planning services, and responsive services.  Character education is one of the educational movements in schools to strengthen student character through harmonization of heart (ethics) and thought (literacy).  Meanwhile, guidance and counseling services are one of the service programs that are fair in implementing programs in schools.  Thus it is hoped that the implementation of strengthening character education through guidance and counseling services will be easy to carry out effectively and efficiently, in order to achieve the goal of starting and optimizing the development of character values ​​that exist in students

PENTINGNYA PELAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING BAGI PESERTA DIDIK PADA TINGKAT SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA)

Character education is one focus and orientation in the education world system.  Therefore, educators should not be apathetic or indifferent to this.  School counselors, as individuals whose role is to educate and teach good character to students, must be more responsible for these good goals.  Thus, a noble goal can be implemented by students in their reel life in the context of culture and society.  The important role of a school counselor lies not only in giving suggestions and suggestions, but also in educating students with full patience and full responsibility for the problems experienced by these students.  On an individual basis, school counselors can provide services, such as individual services, individual planning services, and responsive services.  Character education is one of the educational movements in schools to strengthen student character through harmonization of heart (ethics) and thought (literacy).  Meanwhile, guidance and counseling services are one of the service programs that are fair in implementing programs in schools.  Thus it is hoped that the implementation of strengthening character education through guidance and counseling services will be easy to carry out effectively and efficiently, in order to achieve the goal of starting and optimizing the development of character values ​​that exist in students

STATIČNI MODEL TEMPERATURNE PORAZDELITVE V FOTONAPETOSTNEM MODULU

The primary objective of this paper is to present a static model for calculating the temperature distribution in a photovoltaic module using the finite element method. The paper presents in more detail the theoretical background of solar radiation, heat transfer, and the finite element method. The results of the static model are evaluated using temperature measurements of a photovoltaic model, which were performed at the Institute of Energy Technology, Faculty of Energy Technology, University of Maribor. The results of the regression analysis show a good concurrence between the measured and modelled values of the temperature of the photovoltaic module, especially on days with a higher share of the direct component of solar radiation.Glavni cilj tega prispevka je predstavitev statičnega modela za izračun temperaturne porazdelitve v fotonapetostnem modulu po metodi končnih elementov. V prispevku je podrobneje predstavljeno teoretično ozadje sončnega sevanja, prenosa toplote in metode končnih elementov. Rezultati statičnega modela so ovrednoteni z meritvami temperature fotonapetostnega modela, ki so bile izvedene na Inštitutu za energetiko (Fakulteta za energetiko Univerze v Mariboru). Rezultati regresijske analize med izmerjenimi in izračunanimi vrednostmi temperature fotonapetostnega modula prikazujejo dobro ujemanje predvsem v dnevih z večjim deležem neposredne komponente sončnega sevanja

The association between substance abuse and HIV infection among people visiting HIV counselling and testing centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

No Abstract.Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 19 (2) 2005: 116-12

E. coli

We present an atypical case of newly diagnosed colon cancer and provide insight into the infectious predispositions of E. coli bacteremia to the development of colon adenocarcinoma. A 66-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with one-week symptoms of subjective fevers, chills, and lower back pain. Upon initial evaluation, her temperature was 101 degrees Fahrenheit with a white count of 12,000 K/mm3. Initial septic workup was positive for E. coli bacteremia. The patient was started on Aztreonam. Repeat blood culture 48 hours later was negative for any growth. However, later during hospital stay blood culture was repeated due to SIRS, which was positive again for E. coli. CT scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis with contrast revealed no signs of colitis. Without clear etiology for recurrent E. coli bacteremia ultimately colonoscopy was performed which showed an ulcerated mass in the cecum. Biopsy showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. E. coli strains B2 and D produce cyclomodulin toxins as part of their virulence, which interferes with the cell cycle regulation, promoting chromosomal instability, and increasing susceptibility to cancer. In patients with recurrent E. coli bacteremia with an unknown source, colonoscopy should be done to look for colon cancer