Exploring Seasonal Dynamics: Physico-Chemical Traits of Thunga and Bhadra Rivers in Karnataka, India

The aim of the present study is to investigate the water quality of the Thunga Bhadra River, a significant tributary of the Krishna River Basin in Karnataka, India.The surface water samples were put through a thorough Physico-Chemical investigation that included significant cations and anions in addition to general characteristics. The Water variables were plottedin spatial map using GIS and analysed by Pearson correlation. The temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Turbidity, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids, DO, BOD and COD.  Most of the parameters like pH, conductivity, Turbidity; Dissolved solids are high at Bhadra riverduring the Monsoon in India. It is suggested that the Bhadra river possess highly fertile undisturbed water environment valu

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in ectopic liver masquerading as left adrenal carcinoma: a rare occurrence

We report a unique case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in an ectopic liver rest in the left renal hilum masquerading as a left adrenal tumor. Adrenal tumors have been reported within adrenal rests inside the liver but hepatocellular carcinoma in ectopic liver rests in the adrenal area is an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report from the Indian subcontinent to describe this event in the English literature

Larvicidal effects of Chinaberry (Melia azederach) powder on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Synthetic insecticides are employed in the widely-used currently favored malaria control techniques involving indoor residual spraying and treated bednets. These methods have repeatedly proven to be highly effective at reducing malaria incidence and prevalence. However, rapidly emerging mosquito resistance to the chemicals and logistical problems in transporting supplies to remote locations threaten the long-term sustainability of these techniques. Chinaberry (<it>Melia azederach</it>) extracts have been shown to be effective growth-inhibiting larvicides against several insects. Because several active chemicals in the trees' seeds have insecticidal properties, the emergence of resistance is unlikely. Here, we investigate the feasibility of Chinaberry as a locally available, low-cost sustainable insecticide that can aid in controlling malaria. Chinaberry fruits were collected from Asendabo, Ethiopia. The seeds were removed from the fruits, dried and crushed into a powder. From developmental habitats in the same village, <it>Anopheles arabiensis </it>larvae were collected and placed into laboratory containers. Chinaberry seed powder was added to the larval containers at three treatment levels: 5 g m^-2, 10 g m^-2and 20 g m^-2, with 100 individual larvae in each treatment level and a control. The containers were monitored daily and larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes were counted. This experimental procedure was replicated three times.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Chinaberry seed powder caused an inhibition of emergence of 93% at the 5 g m^-2treatment level, and 100% inhibition of emergence at the two higher treatment levels. The Chinaberry had a highly statistically significant larvicidal effect at all treatment levels (χ²= 184, 184, and 155 for 5 g m^-2, 10 g m^-2and 20 g m^-2, respectively; p < 0.0001 in all cases). In addition, estimates suggest that sufficient Chinaberry seed exists in Asendabo to treat developmental habitat for the duration of the rainy season and support a field trial.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Chinaberry seed is a very potent growth-inhibiting larvicide against the major African malaria vector <it>An. arabiensis</it>. The seed could provide a sustainable additional malaria vector control tool that can be used where the tree is abundant and where <it>An. arabiensis </it>is a dominant vector. Based on these results, a future village-scale field trial using the technique is warranted.</p

Effects of elevated CO2 on resistant and susceptible rice cultivar and its primary host, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

AbstractThe elevated CO2 (eCO2) has positive response on plant growth and negative response on insect pests. As a contemplation, the feeding pattern of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål on susceptible and resistant rice cultivars and their growth rates exposed to eCO2 conditions were analyzed. The eCO2 treatment showed significant differences in percentage of emergence and rice biomass that were consistent across the rice cultivars, when compared to the ambient conditions. Similarly, increase in carbon and decrese in nitrogen ratio of leaves and alterations in defensive peroxidase enzyme levels were observed, but was non-linear among the cultivars tested. Lower survivorship and nutritional indices of N. lugens were observed in conditions of eCO2 levels over ambient conditions. Results were nonlinear in manner. We conclude that the plant carbon accumulation increased due to eCO2, causing physiological changes that decreased nitrogen content. Similarly, eCO2 increased insect feeding, and did alter other variables such as their biology or reproduction.</jats:p

Effects of elevated CO2 on resistant and susceptible rice cultivar and its primary host, brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)

Abstract Elevated CO2 has positive response on plant growth and negative response on insect pests. As a contemplation, the feeding pattern of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål on susceptible and resistant rice cultivars and their growth rates exposed to elevated CO2 conditions were analyzed. The elevated CO2 treatment showed significant differences in percentage of emergence and rice biomass that were consistent across the rice cultivars, when compared to the ambient conditions. Similarly, increase in carbon and nitrogen ratio of leaves and alterations in defensive peroxidase enzyme levels were observed, but was non-linear among the cultivars tested. Lower survivorship and nutritional indices of N. lugens were observed in conditions of elevated CO2 levels over ambient conditions. Results were nonlinear in manner. We conclude that the plant carbon accumulation increased due to elevated CO2, causing physiological changes that decreased nitrogen content. Similarly, elevated CO2 increased insect feeding, but did not alter other variables such as their biology or reproduction.</jats:p

Together in the Fight against Arthropod-Borne Diseases: A One Health Perspective

Arthropod-borne diseases represent a major risk for humans, livestock, pets and wildlife worldwide [...]</jats:p