Early Maladjustment Schemas in Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective. This study explored Early Maladjustment Schemas (EMSs) among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and examined potential moderating roles for gender, level of education, and occupation. Methods. The sample included 371 adult participants (120 patients with diabetes and 251 individuals without diabetes), from Shiraz City, Fars province; Iran. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) was used to assess early maladjustment schemas. Results. Findings showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher scores than controls on a number of EMSs, including abandonment, failure, vulnerability, enmeshment, self-sacrifice, entitlement, and insufficient self-control schemas as well as the over-vigilance and inhibition schematic domains. However, results did not support roles for gender, the level of education, and occupation on any of EMSs and schematic domains. Conclusions. Medical and health professionals may find these results helpful for assessment, treatment, and prevention goals in patients with type 2 diabetes

The comparison of neuropsychological performance in the girl students with social anxiety disorder and normal students

Background and aims: The Neuropsychological performance in patients with anxiety disorders has received much less attention. The present study set out to compare one of the executive performances that means shifting function in two groups of social anxious and normal. Also, The aim of the present study was to investigate performance in this function both of processing efficacy and performance effectiveness. Methods: In this causal-comparative study, recruited 24 patients with social anxiety disorder and 24 non patients in multi-stage cluster sampling method and were implemented tests of Connor Social Anxiety Scale, Self-reported mental effort scale, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, The results were analyzed with SPSS software and MANOVA test. Results: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in both components of performance in the shifting function namely processing efficacy (P<0.001) and performance effectiveness (P<0.001), So that socially anxious group showed poorer performance. Conclusion: The group of social anxious in compare with normal group showed deficient in the shifting function of working memory. The deficiency observed were related to cognitive models of anxiety disorders specially Attentional Control Theory

The Relationship between Identity Styles and Psychological Wellbeing in Sample of College Students

The purpose of present research was study the relation between identity styles and psychological wellbeing in students of university of semnan. The samples consisted of 256 male-female undergraduate (158 female & 96 male) in the scholastic year 2009-10 that selected with multi- stage cluster way. Ryff scale of psychological wellbeing (RSPWB), and Identity style Inventory (ISI-6G) used in this research. The relation of identity style and psychological wellbeing evaluate by regression and the difference between them with sexually segregation analyzed with helping independent T-test. The results showed that significant positive relationship between normative identity styles and wellbeing and a significant negative relationship between diffuse identity styles and wellbeing. there was no significant difference in none of identity styles and psychological well being in sexually.Thus there is significant relation between between identity styles and psychological wellbeing. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s3p20

Decellularized Articular Cartilage Microgels as Microcarriers for Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Conventional microcarriers used for expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) require detachment and separation of the cells from the carrier prior to use in clinical applications for regeneration of articular cartilage, and the carrier can cause undesirable phenotypic changes in the expanded cells. This work describes a novel approach to expand hMSCs on biomimetic carriers based on adult or fetal decellularized bovine articular cartilage that supports tissue regeneration without the need to detach the expanded cells from the carrier. In this approach, the fetal or adult bovine articular cartilage was minced, decellularized, freeze-dried, ground, and sieved to produce articular cartilage microgels (CMGs) in a specified size range. Next, the hMSCs were expanded on CMGs in a bioreactor in basal medium to generate hMSC-loaded CMG microgels (CMG-MSCs). Then, the CMG-MSCs were suspended in sodium alginate, injected in a mold, crosslinked with calcium chloride, and incubated in chondrogenic medium as an injectable cellular construct for regeneration of articular cartilage. The expression of chondrogenic markers and compressive moduli of the injectable CMG-MSCs/alginate hydrogels incubated in chondrogenic medium were higher compared to the hMSCs directly encapsulated in alginate hydrogels.</jats:p

Hydrogel-Based Formulations for Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye

Hydrogel-based formulations hold significant promise for treating ocular diseases that impact the posterior segment of the eye. These formulations exhibit the ability to surmount ocular barriers and offer sustained drug release, rendering them efficacious drug delivery systems. This article addresses the challenges linked to treating disorders affecting the posterior eye segment and underscores the imperative for less invasive drug delivery methodologies. We further delve into diverse contemporary ocular dosage forms, encompassing gels, nanostructures, and implants, with a specific emphasis on hydrogels. Hydrogels offer several merits, including precise targeting, sustained release, enhanced bioavailability, and non-invasiveness. Moreover, they curtail the risk of adverse effects and foster patient adherence. An enthralling advancement is the amalgamation of hybrid drug delivery systems, integrating nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and stimuli-activated nano-systems, with hydrogels for posterior eye ailment treatment. These hybrid nano-systems exhibit promise in enhancing drug stability, prolonging drug release, and pinpointing specific tissues within the posterior segment. We also provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials and approved hydrogel-based drug delivery systems, like Retisert and Ozurdex. These systems have demonstrated efficacy in managing chronic non-infectious uveitis, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and diabetic macular edema. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including optimizing bioavailability, maintaining drug stability, and implementing personalized treatment approaches. The incessant evolution of gel-based drug delivery systems stands to substantially enhance patients&rsquo; quality of life and establish new benchmarks in treating posterior eye diseases. The future of ophthalmology brims with excitement, as gel-based drug delivery systems hold the potential to revolutionize ocular therapies, providing effective remedies for an array of vision-related afflictions

Decellularized Articular Cartilage Microgels as Microcarriers for Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Conventional microcarriers used for expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) require detachment and separation of the cells from the carrier prior to use in clinical applications for regeneration of articular cartilage, and the carrier can cause undesirable phenotypic changes in the expanded cells. This work describes a novel approach to expand hMSCs on biomimetic carriers based on adult or fetal decellularized bovine articular cartilage that supports tissue regeneration without the need to detach the expanded cells from the carrier. In this approach, the fetal or adult bovine articular cartilage was minced, decellularized, freeze-dried, ground, and sieved to produce articular cartilage microgels (CMGs) in a specified size range. Next, the hMSCs were expanded on CMGs in a bioreactor in basal medium to generate hMSC-loaded CMG microgels (CMG-MSCs). Then, the CMG-MSCs were suspended in sodium alginate, injected in a mold, crosslinked with calcium chloride, and incubated in chondrogenic medium as an injectable cellular construct for regeneration of articular cartilage. The expression of chondrogenic markers and compressive moduli of the injectable CMG-MSCs/alginate hydrogels incubated in chondrogenic medium were higher compared to the hMSCs directly encapsulated in alginate hydrogels

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Interpersonal and Metacognitive Therapies for Social Phobia Disorder

Abstract Background & aim: Multidimensional and complex nature of social phobia disorder requires assessment, efficacy and comparison of treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interpersonal and metacognitive group therapy. in reducing symptoms of social phobia Method: This study is an experimental research and the design of study is pre-test- post-test in which 45 patients suffering from social phobia disorder were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of interpersonal , metacognitive and control . Therapy sessions in groups of 15 people in 8 meeting held .The tools used in this study included the Social Phobia Inventory(SPIN) Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS) and the Brief Fear Negative Evaluation Scale Revised Version(BFNE-II) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID)is that in the pre-test and post-test were completed by patients.Data was statically analyzed Multivariate Covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test to compare difference scale scores pre test-post test variables were used in the experimental and control groups. Results:The results showed that there is significant differences between experimental (interpersonal and metacognitive Therapy) and control group( waiting list) (P<0/001).Also results showed that both interpersonal and metacognitive group therapies were equally effective on the symptom of social phobia disorder, social interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation(P<0/001) and its effect size by order of was 0/49, 0/75,0/95. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of both treatment on social phobia symptoms can be relevant option for clients who go to counseling centers for an effective treatment

A single switch high step-up DC-DC converter derived from coupled inductor and switched capacitor for a photovoltaic system

Abstract This study suggests a single switch high step-up DC-DC Converter derived from coupled inductor and switched capacitor used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic systems. In the suggested converter, a part of the yield voltage is produced by parallel charging of the capacitors on the side of the secondary winding and their series discharge together with the secondary winding. The other part of the output voltage is obtained by simultaneously charging the boost and buck-boost capacitors and discharging them in series with the input voltage source. Finally, these two parts make the output voltage in series, so that high voltage gain with proper duty cycle is obtained. In addition, boost and buck-boost capacitors absorb leakage inductance energy leading to a reduction of the switch voltage stress. As a result, switching losses are reduced and by choosing a switch with lower RDS(ON), conduction losses are also reduced. Finally, a prototype with an output power of 200 Watts, and a voltage conversion of 24–400 Volts was made to confirm the performance in the laboratory, which has the highest efficiency of 95.89%