A method to search for long duration gravitational wave transients from isolated neutron stars using the generalized FrequencyHough

We describe a method to detect gravitational waves lasting $O(hours-days)$ emitted by young, isolated neutron stars, such as those that could form after a supernova or a binary neutron star merger, using advanced LIGO/Virgo data. The method is based on a generalization of the FrequencyHough (FH), a pipeline that performs hierarchical searches for continuous gravitational waves by mapping points in the time/frequency plane of the detector to lines in the frequency/spindown plane of the source. We show that signals whose spindowns are related to their frequencies by a power law can be transformed to coordinates where the behavior of these signals is always linear, and can therefore be searched for by the FH. We estimate the sensitivity of our search across different braking indices, and describe the portion of the parameter space we could explore in a search using varying fast Fourier Transform (FFT) lengths.Comment: 15 figure

Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Generation of N-Oxazolidinone Radicals for the Synthesis of APIs

The recent advancements in radical chemistry have paved the way for new synthetic opportunities, solving challenges that more traditional methodologies have historically encountered. Conventional approaches used to build C-N bonds often rely on high temperatures and pre-functionalized coupling partners, such as Cu-catalyzed Ullman type coupling or Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination [1]. However, in the last few years, some of these issues have been solved by the use of N-centered radicals generated by photoredox catalysis. These radicals have proven effective for building C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions. In this context, we focused our attention on the development of novel methodologies for the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as Linezolid and Eperezolid [2] (Figure 1a), involving the use of the totally unexplored N-oxazolidinone radicals generated by photocatalytic approach. An easy protocol for the generation of the radicals have been developed (Figure 1b), which were successfully employed in amidation reactions of various aromatic substrates. These initial investigations mark a significant step toward devising efficient and sustainable methods for the synthesis of APIs

Oxazolidinone-Derived N-Centered Radicals: Unlocking Bioactive Compounds by Photoredox Catalysis

The recent advancements in radical chemistry have paved the way for new opportunities in synthesis, solving challenges that more conventional methodologies have historically encountered. Traditional approaches used to build C-N bonds often rely on high temperatures and pre-functionalized coupling partners, such as Cu-catalyzed Ullman type coupling or Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination.1 However, in the last few years, some of these issues have been solved by the use of N-centered radicals generated by photoredox catalysis. These radicals have proven effective for building C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions. The use of N-centered radicals, when combined with flow chemistry, have proven to be effective also for large-scale productions, overcoming issues related to limited light penetration associated to batch processes. 2 In this context, we focused our attention on the development of novel synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of products of pharmaceutical interest such as Linezolid and Eperezolid3 (Figure 1a), involving the use of N-oxazolidinone radicals generated by photocatalytic approach. An easy protocol for the generation of N-oxazolidinone radicals have been developed (Figure 1b), which were successfully employed in amidation reactions of various aromatic substrates performed under traditional batch and continuous flow conditions. These initial investigations mark a significant step toward devising efficient and sustainable methods for the synthesis of APIs

Photoredox Catalysis: Innovative Reactions of N-Oxazolidinone Radicals with Indoles

The chemistry of radicals has extensively developed in recent years. These advancements have paved the way for new synthetic opportunities, which could be considered highly challenging or unapproachable if conventional methods are used. Traditional approaches used to build C-N bonds often rely on high temperatures and pre-functionalized coupling partners, such as Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination/amidation or Cu-catalyzed Ullman and Goldberg couplings. However, in the last few years, some of these issues have been solved by the use of N-centered radicals generated by photoredox catalysis.1,2 These radicals have proven effective for building C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions. In this context, we focused our attention on the development of novel methodologies for the synthesis of products of pharmaceutical interest, involving the use of the unexplored N-oxazolidinone radicals generated by photocatalytic approach. An easy protocol for the generation of the radicals have been developed (Figure 1), which were successfully employed in amidation reactions of different aromatic substrates, such as indoles. These initial investigations mark a significant step toward devising efficient and sustainable methods for the synthesis of APIs

Oxazolidinone-Derived N-Centered Radicals: in Batch and in Flow Photoredox Catalysis

The recent advancements in radical chemistry have paved the way for new opportunities in synthesis, solving challenges that more conventional methodologies have historically encountered. Traditional approaches used to build C-N bonds often rely on high temperatures and pre-functionalized coupling partners, such as Cu-catalyzed Ullman type coupling or Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination.1 However, in the last few years, some of these issues have been solved by the use of N-centered radicals generated by photoredox catalysis. These radicals have proven effective for building C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions. The use of N-centered radicals, when combined with flow chemistry, have proven to be effective also for large-scale productions, overcoming issues related to limited light penetration associated to batch processes. 2 In this context, we focused our attention on the development of novel synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of products of pharmaceutical interest such as Linezolid and Eperezolid3 (Figure 1a), involving the use of N-oxazolidinone radicals generated by photocatalytic approach. An easy protocol for the generation of N-oxazolidinone radicals have been developed (Figure 1b), which were successfully employed in amidation reactions of various aromatic substrates performed under traditional batch and continuous flow conditions. These initial investigations mark a significant step toward devising efficient and sustainable methods for the synthesis of APIs

A Novel Photochemical Approach to Synthetize APIs: The Use of Nitrogen- Centered Amidyl Radicals

The chemistry of radicals has developed extensively in recent years. Their appreciation in synthesis is related to the feasibility of few synthetic pathways which could be considered highly challenging or unapproachable if conventional methods are used. The traditional chemistry involves Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination or Cu-catalyzed Ullman type coupling to form C-N bonds. However, high temperatures and pre-functionalized coupling partners are required to successfully provide the desired results [1]. N-centered radicals can be afforded and introduced onto the appropriated substrates under mild conditions via photoredox catalysis. The development of antibiotic resistance has dramatically increased over the last few decades. An efficient strategy against resistant human-pathogenic bacteria has been found to be the use of drugs acting as bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors, such as oxazolidinones, which were introduced into the clinic in the 1970s [2]. The toxicity issues of the class were overcome by two nontoxic molecules, linezolid and eperezolid, twenty years later. The SAR studies revealed how the N-aryl substituent is one of the essential factors for the pharmacological activity. My research work aimed to consider photocatalytically generated N-oxazolidinone radicals within the synthesis of different APIs

Open Surgery for Sportsman's Hernia a Retrospective Study

Sportsman's hernia is a painful syndrome in the inguinal area occurring in patients who play sports at an amatorial or professional level. Pain arises during sport, and sometimes persists after activity, representing an obstacle to sport resumption. A laparoscopic/endoscopic approach is proposed by many authors for treatment of the inguinal wall defect. Aim of this study is to assess the open technique in terms of safety and effectiveness, in order to obtain the benefit of an open treatment in an outpatient management. From October 2017 to July 2019, 34 patients underwent surgery for groin pain syndrome. All cases exhibited a bulging of the inguinal posterior wall. 14 patients were treated with Lichtenstein technique with transversalis fascia plication and placement of a polypropylene mesh fixed with fibrin glue. In 20 cases, a polypropylene mesh was placed in the preperitoneal space. The procedure was performed in day surgery facilities. Early or late postoperative complications did not occur in both groups. All patients returned to sport, in 32 cases with complete pain relief, whereas 2 patients experienced mild residual pain. The average value of return to sport was 34.11 ± 8.44 days. The average value of return to play was 53.82 ± 11.69 days. With regard to postoperative pain, no substantial differences between the two techniques were detected, and good results in terms of the resumption of sport were ensured in both groups. Surgical treatment for sportsman's hernia should be considered only after the failure of conservative treatment. The open technique is safe and allows a rapid postoperative recovery

Pediatric ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block and sedation in spontaneous breathing: a prospective observational study

BackgroundWorldwide, one of the most common surgical procedures in the pediatric population is circumcision. There is no consent on the best anesthesiologic approach. This study aimed to investigate ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) plus sedation in spontaneous breathing as a time-saving, safe, effective, and opioid-sparing technique.AimsThe primary outcome was the assessment of the time from the end of surgery and the discharge to the post-anesthesia care unit. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the cumulative dosages of opioids, differences in pain levels between the two groups, and complications at the awakening, 4 h and 72 h after surgery, respectively.MethodsThis was a prospective study with a retrospective control group, approved by the Friuli–Venezia Giulia Ethics Committee. Children in the intervention group received an ultrasound-guided DPNB under sedation and spontaneous breathing. With the probe positioned transversally at the base of the penis using an in-plane approach with a modified technique, local anesthetic was injected under the deep fascia of the penis.ResultsWe recruited 70 children who underwent circumcision at the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, from 1 January 2016 to 1 October 2021: 35 children in the ultrasound-guided DPNB group and 35 children in the control group. Children who received ultrasound-guided DPNB had a statistically significant lower time to discharge from the operating room, did not require mechanical ventilation, maintained spontaneous breathing at all times, received fewer opioids, had lower mean intraoperative arterial pressures, and lower pain levels immediately after surgery.ConclusionUltrasound-guided DPNB associated with sedation and spontaneous breathing is a time-saving, opioid-sparing, safe, and effective strategy for the management of intraoperative and postoperative pain in children undergoing circumcision.Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04475458, 17 July 2020)

Sutureless repair for open treatment of inguinal hernia. Three techniques in comparison

: Currently, groin hernia repair is mostly performed with application of mesh prostheses fixed with or without suture. However, views on safety and efficacy of different surgical approaches are still partly discordant. In this multicentre retrospective study, three sutureless procedures, i.e., mesh fixation with glue, application of self-gripping mesh, and Trabucco's technique, were compared in 1034 patients with primary unilateral non-complicated inguinal hernia subjected to open anterior surgery. Patient-related features, comorbidities, and drugs potentially affecting the intervention outcomes were also examined. The incidence of postoperative complications, acute and chronic pain, and time until discharge were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the odds ratio of the surgical techniques adjusting for other risk factors. The application of standard/heavy mesh, performed in the Trabucco's technique, was found to significantly increase the odds ratio of hematomas (p = 0.014) and, most notably, of acute postoperative pain (p < 0.001). Among the clinical parameters, antithrombotic therapy and large hernia size were independent risk factors for hematomas and longer hospital stay, whilst small hernias were an independent predictor of pain. Overall, our findings suggest that the Trabucco's technique should not be preferred in patients with a large hernia and on antithrombotic therapy

Evolution of incidental branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: A study with magnetic resonance imaging cholangiopancreatography

7AIM: To investigate the type and timing of evolution of incidentally found branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (bd-IPMN) of the pancreas addressed to magnetic resonance imaging cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) follow-up. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 72 patients who underwent, over the period 2006-2016, a total of 318 MRCPs (mean 4.4) to follow-up incidental, presumed bd-IPMN without signs of malignancy, found or confirmed at a baseline MRCP examination. Median follow-up time was 48.5 mo (range 13-95 mo). MRCPs were acquired on 1.5T and/or 3.0T systems using 2D and/ or 3D technique. Image analysis assessed the rates of occurrence over the follow-up of the following outcomes: (1) imaging evolution, defined as any change in cysts number and/or size and/or appearance; and (2) alert findings, defined as worrisome features and/or high risk stigmata (e.g., thick septa, parietal thickening, mural nodules and involvement of the main pancreatic duct). Time to outcomes was described with the Kaplan-Meir approach. Cox regression model was used to investigate clinical or initial MRCP findings predicting cysts changes. RESULTS: We found a total of 343 cysts (per-patient mean 5.1) with average size of 8.5 mm (range 5-25 mm). Imaging evolution was observed in 32/72 patients (44.4%; 95%CI: 32-9-56.6), involving 47/343 cysts (13.7%). There was a main trend towards small ( 0.01). CONCLUSION: Changes in MRCP appearance of incidental bd-IPNM were frequent over the follow-up (44.4%), with relatively rare (8.3%) occurrence of non-malignant alert findings that prompted further diagnostic steps. Changes occurred at a wide interval of time and were unpredictable, suggesting that imaging followup should be not discontinued, though MRCPs might be considerably delayed without a significant risk of missing malignancy.openopenGirometti, Rossano; Pravisani, Riccardo; Intini, Sergio Giuseppe; Isola, Miriam; Cereser, Lorenzo; Risaliti, Andrea; Zuiani, ChiaraGirometti, Rossano; Pravisani, Riccardo; Intini, Sergio Giuseppe; Isola, Miriam; Cereser, Lorenzo; Risaliti, Andrea; Zuiani, Chiar