Direct numerical simulations of the flow around wings with spanwise waviness at a very low Reynolds number

Inspired by the pectoral flippers of the humpback whale, the use of spanwise waviness in the leading edge has been considered in the literature as a possible way of improving the aerodynamic performance of wings. In this paper, we present an investigation based on direct numerical simulations of the flow around infinite wavy wings with a NACA0012 profile, at a Reynolds number Re=1000Re=1000. The simulations were carried out using the Spectral/hp Element Method, with a coordinate system transformation employed to treat the waviness of the wing. Several combinations of wavelength and amplitude were considered, showing that for this value of Re the waviness leads to a reduction in the lift-to-drag ratio (L/D), associated with a suppression of the fluctuating lift coefficient. These changes are associated with a regime where the flow remains attached behind the peaks of the leading edge while there are distinct regions of flow separation behind the troughs, and a physical mechanism explaining this behaviour is proposed

INCREASING RENEWABLE OIL CONTENT AND UTILITY

Since the dawn of agriculture man has been genetically modifying crop plants to increase yield, quality and utility. In addition to selective breeding and hybridization we can utilize mutant populations and biotechnology to have greater control over crop plant modification than ever before. Increasing the production of plant oils such as soybean oil as a renewable resource for food and fuel is valuable. Successful breeding for higher oil levels in soybean, however, usually results in reduced protein, a second valuable seed component. We show that by manipulating a highly active acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) the hydrocarbon flux to oil in oilseeds can be increased without reducing the protein component. Compared to other plant DGATs, a DGAT from Vernonia galamensis (VgDGAT1A) produces much higher oil synthesis and accumulation activity in yeast, insect cells and soybean. Soybean lines expressing VgDGAT1A show a 4% increase in oil content without reductions in seed protein contents or yield per unit land area. Furthermore, we have screened a soybean fast neutrino population derived from M92-220 variety and found three high oil mutants that do not have reduced levels of protein. From the F2 plant populations we quantitatively pooled the high oil and low oil plants and performed comparative genomics hybridization (CGH). From the data it appears that two families have a 0.3 kb aberration in chromosome 14. We are performing further analysis to study this aberration and develop markers for molecular breeding. Mutagenic techniques are also useful for developing other traits such as early flowering varieties and adapting new high oil crops to a new region. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an ancient crop that has experienced an agricultural resurgence in recent decades due to the high omega 3 fatty acid (ω-3) content of the seeds and good production potential. The area of cultivation has been expanded to Kentucky using mutagenized populations and the composition traits are similar to that of the original regions of cultivation in Central and South America

Stratified Water of a Glacial Lake in Northern Ellesmere Island

Antoinette Bay constitutes the central arm of Greely Fiord and extends 40 km. east-northeastward from its junction with Tanquary Fiord in about 80°50'N, 79°W. A large tidewater glacier, flowing northwestward from the Mer de Glace Agassiz to the southeast, has blocked off the head of the bay (or, more properly, fiord) and separates it from the long narrow lake that is the natural extension of the fiord to the east. We visited Antoinette Bay and the lake on June 2 and 3, 1963 during the course of an oceanographic traverse over the sea-ice from the field station of the Defence Research Board at the head of Tanquary Fiord. Antoinette Bay is a typical steep-sided fiord; a single sounding, taken 10 km. from its mouth, showed no bottom at 240 m. The lake, which is unnamed, was visited on the chance of finding interesting structural and temperature conditions in the lake water. ..

Recent Changes at the Front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T.

It has been known for some time that the ice shelves of northern Ellesmere Island are the primary source of ice islands. The last major ice island calving occurred at the front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (WHIS) between August 1961 and April 1962 (Hattersley-Smith, 1963). Other important, but previously undocumented, changes to Milne and Ayles Ice shelves have recently been noted. During field investigations in spring 1982 and 1983 further changes were observed at the front of WHIS. ..

Fresh Water Anchor Ice Along an Arctic Beach

Anchor ice is broadly defined ... as "submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of the nature of its formation". We discuss here a form of anchor ice of which we can find no previous description. During August 1978 and 1979 we observed a belt of fresh-water anchor ice along 30 km of beach between Sheringham Point and Prospect Hills in southwest Cornwallis Island, N.W.T. ..

Fresh Water Anchor Ice Along an Arctic Beach

Anchor ice is broadly defined ... as "submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of the nature of its formation". We discuss here a form of anchor ice of which we can find no previous description. During August 1978 and 1979 we observed a belt of fresh-water anchor ice along 30 km of beach between Sheringham Point and Prospect Hills in southwest Cornwallis Island, N.W.T. ..

Ecoturismo e desenvolvimento sustentado

The technology and the productive progress, associated to regional and intemational dissimilarity, caused damage to the environment. ln the 70 and 80's. The societies awakened and sought preservationists altenatives of nature. This article boraches tourism as an alternative for the preservation of the natural and ambiental endowment of developing countries, and specially, Brazil.A tecnologia e o progresso produtivo. associados às desigualdades regionais e internacionais, provocaram prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Na década de 1970-80 as sociedades despertaram e partiram em busca de alternativas preservacionistas, da natureza. Este artigo aborda, o turismo ,sustentado como alternativa para preservação do patrimônio natural e ambiental dos países em desenvolvimento e, em especial, o Brasil

UNDERSTANDING CREATIVE CANADA: CULTURAL POLICY, PUBLIC SENTIMENT, AND DIGITAL TAX REFORMS

In recent years, Canada legislated the most significant amendments to cultural policy in over a generation aimed at addressing a policy drift amid digital disruption. With wide criticism for these reforms, they are assumed have garnered negative reception in absence a digital tax; however, the legal intricacies of often inconsistent, and overlapping digital tax measures advocated for in Canada remain largely unexamined. Against this background, the OECD/G20 are anticipated to implement the most fundamental overhauling of the international tax system in over a century, with a focus on addressing the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. Recognizing that for a solution to be delivered in the coming year, there will need to be a consensus reached by OECD/G20 member countries by July 2021, this study considers the contingency of effective reforms, and alternative measures under consideration by the Government of Canada. Evidence suggests that a solution to today’s digital tax challenges is perhaps a caveat for addressing the issues of Canada’s cultural policy that center upon its failure to keep pace with the digital creative economy. Observations consider the bearing equitable taxation has on the Canadian government’s general tax revenues necessary to fund direct spending programs. In order to link industry-specific government spending with industry-specific behaviour, underlying ties between new Canadian media and digital taxation are investigated, so as to examine opportunities for sustainable cultural policy and funding in the Canadian context

Meca para o turismo de negócios e eventos

Aborda a importância do turismo internacional e o turismo no Brasil, com base em dados da Organização Mundial de Turismo (OMT) e do World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). Discute, especificamente, o turismo na cidade de São Paulo, ressaltando sua vocação para o turismo de negócios e eventos. Para que isso se concretize há necessidade de um programa de promoção turistica que poderia ser centrado, estrategicamente, em dois mercados emissores - o Cone Sul (Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai) e o Japão -, somado à ampliação de atuação do São Paulo Convention Bureau e à atuação integrada entre os órgãos públicos e a iniciativa privada.The text focuses on the Importance of international tourism and tourism in Brazil, based on data from the World Tourism Organization (WTO) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WITC). It discusses, especifically, tourism issues in the city of São Paulo, stressing its potentiality as a business and convention tourist destination. To achieve that goal, it is necessary to formulate a tourism promotion program, which could be strategically placed in two emission markets - the "southern cone" (Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay) and Japan - in addiction to the enlarging of the São Paulo Convention and Visitors Bureau strategies and the combined action of public and private sectors