Removal Of Residue Oil From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Using Chitosan [TD899.I27 S955 2004 f rb] [Microfiche 7577].

Penyelidikan ini difokuskan untuk menyelidik dan mengkaji penggunaan kitosan sebagai bahan penjerap serta pengental minyak sisa berlebihan dalam sebarang air sisa berminyak. The focus of this research was to investigate and study the usage of chitosan as an adsorbent as well as a coagulant to adsorb and coagulate the excessive residue oil from an oily wastewater

Removal Of SO2 And NO From Simulated Flue Gas Using Cerium-Modified Palm Shell Activated Carbon

The focus of this research was to study the usage of oil palm shell made activated carbon as a sorbent to remove SO2 and NO gases simultaneously from simulated flue gas. The palm oil industry plays a major role in Malaysian economic especially in enhancing the economic welfare of the population. Despite obvious benefits of this industrial development, its activity contributes to abundant solid waste. Palm shell derived from the fruit bunch of oil palm, is one of the solid wastes

Biochars as Potential Adsorbers of CH4, CO2 and H2S

Methane gas, as one of the major biogases, is a potential source of renewable energy for power production. Biochar can be readily used to purify biogas contaminants such as H2S and CO2. This study assessed the adsorption of CH4, H2S, and CO2 onto four different types of biochars. The adsorption dynamics of biochars were investigated in a fixed-bed column, by determining the breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities of biochars. The physicochemical properties of biochars were considered to justify the adsorption performance. The results showed that CH4 was not adsorbed well by the subjected biochars whereas CO2 and H2S were successfully captured. The H2S and CO2 breakthrough capacity were related to both the surface adsorption and chemical reaction. The adsorption capacity was in the following order: perilla > soybean stover > Korean oak > Japanese oak biochars. The simultaneous adsorption also leads to a competition of sorption sites. Biochars are a promising material for the biogas purification industry

Optimizing Ti/RuO2-IrO2 – electro activated persulfate oxidation processes for the degradation of ammonia-nitrogen and color from landfill leachate using Response Surface Methodology

Landfilling disposal method has raised many environmental concerns especially water pollution from the discharge of landfill leachate. This study is aimed at investigating degradation of ammonia and removal of color of landfill leachate by electro-persulfate activation using rutheniumiridium coated titanium (Ti-RuO2/IrO2) electrode. Process variables such as reaction time, current density and persulfate dosage were optimized using central composite design via response surface methodology (RSM). RSM models show high coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9182 and 0.9249 for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and color respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for NH3-N and color were recorded as 83.7% and 65.8% respectively. Persulfate can be used in oxidation processes as an activating agent to remove NH3-N and color from landfill leachate

Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review

This review highlights the recent technologies of H2S removal from wastewater in the petroleum refinery. H2S is a harmful, putrid, and hazardous gaseous compound. The main processes such as physicochemical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical methods were compared and discussed in detail. The effects of various parameters and adsorbent characteristics were highlighted and correlated with the adsorption capacities. Surface functional groups and porosity surface area play a crucial role in the process of single-phase and composite adsorbents. Composite materials impregnated with some metals showed high removal efficiencies. It was found that the adsorption process is the most relevant way for H2S removal due to its high removal efficiency, low cost, eco-friendly, and operational simplicity. This study serves as a useful guideline for those who are interested in H2S removal

Production of calcined eggshell: Process description and economic analysis

Adsorbents derived from eggshell (ES) have been proven to be effective for a variety of pollutants including organic and inorganic pollutants from different types of wastewater. Calcined eggshell (CES) had demonstrated a significant performance in which are on par with or even exceeds the commercially available adsorbents for phosphorus removal or recovery. This study aims to develop the process flow diagram for large scale production of CES with an overall economic analysis. A process flow diagram was developed starting from the transportation to storage of final product, CES. Calculation of process parameters were based on 1,000kg ES/day with 50% yield after the calcination process, generating about 475 kg CES/day. The total production cost was RM542,809.82 for producing 148, 675 kg of CES per annum. Based on these values, the cost of CES production per kg was estimated as RM3.58 or 0.76 USD. There is a great potential for CES in the future for the remediation of water and air pollutants

Preparation of Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Derived Bimetallic Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane

In the past decade, efforts have been focused on development of catalyst to show high activity for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The development of catalyst has been crucial to be carried out as this may significantly reduce the concentration of most common greenhouse gases, namely methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In present work, a series of varying molar ratio of Ni:Ce metal organic framework (MOF) derived catalysts were grown on alumina in one step. The synthesis steps were in accordance to reported solvothermal method for the syntheses of NH2-MIL-88B with slight modification. This was followed by reduction at 500°C in hydrogen environment for 1 h. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were probed by powder XRD, BET surface area analysis, EDX, ICP, CO2-TPD and H2-TPR. XRD showed that diffraction patterns were in agreement with the diffraction pattern of MOF synthesized in previous work, thus confirmed the successful formation of the MOF structure. The variation in the molar ratio of Ni:Ce did not show significant difference in the diffraction pattern of the MOF-derived catalysts. For reduction phase, sharp diffraction peaks were detected at 2? = 44.5°, 51.85°, and 76.37°, which can be indexed to (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0) planes of face-centered cubic (FCC) metallic Ni, respectively. The addition of Ce promoted smaller particle size of Ni, ranging from 4.6 nm to 6.88 nm. The presence of CeO2 was observed at 2? = 28.6°, 33.0°, and 56.4°. Elemental distribution was compared between EDX and ICP-OES. ICP-OES and EDX analyses indicated that weight percent of bimetallic metal of Ni and Ce was consistent, in which the amount of respective metal obeyed the ratio trend of the metal precursors added during the MOF synthesis. This suggested the homogeneity of the catalyst, even though EDX showed relatively higher weight percent than ICP-OES. The catalytic performance of catalysts showed that 1Ni1Ce exhibited better conversion of CH4 and CO2, with 63.5% and 86.8% respectively at 800oC, and the conversion tend to increase at a higher temperature. The results were convincing for the design of a performing catalyst for DRM process

Biochars as Potential Adsorbers of CH4, CO2 and H2S

Methane gas, as one of the major biogases, is a potential source of renewable energy for power production. Biochar can be readily used to purify biogas contaminants such as H2S and CO2. This study assessed the adsorption of CH4, H2S, and CO2 onto four different types of biochars. The adsorption dynamics of biochars were investigated in a fixed-bed column, by determining the breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities of biochars. The physicochemical properties of biochars were considered to justify the adsorption performance. The results showed that CH4 was not adsorbed well by the subjected biochars whereas CO2 and H2S were successfully captured. The H2S and CO2 breakthrough capacity were related to both the surface adsorption and chemical reaction. The adsorption capacity was in the following order: perilla > soybean stover > Korean oak > Japanese oak biochars. The simultaneous adsorption also leads to a competition of sorption sites. Biochars are a promising material for the biogas purification industry

Optimization and Characterization Study of Preparation Factors of Activated Carbon Derived from Coconut shell to Remove of H2S from Wastewater

The main point of this work is to investigate the preparations variables of activated carbon derived from coconut shell (CSAC) for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from wastewater. The CSAC was chemically modified with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to prepare the CSAC. The three preparation variables impact on the removal efficiency (%) of H2S were examined. The preparation parameters to the responses were correlated by developing a quadratic model. The analysis of variance shows the significant impact of variable on each experimental design responses. The results show that the temperature of 857◦C, chemical impregnation ratio of 3.4wt% and activation time of 66 min were the optimum conditions for CSAC preparation of with removal efficiency of 88.8%